Species diversity and phylogenetic analysis of Heliconia spp. collections of Purwodadi Botanic Garden (East Java, Indonesia) inferred by rbcL gene sequences

Abstract

Abstract. Hapsari L, Trimanto, Wahyudi D. 2019. Species diversity and phylogenetic analysis of Heliconia spp. collections of Purwodadi Botanic Garden (East Java, Indonesia) inferred by rbcL gene sequences. Biodiversitas 20: 1266-1283. Heliconia L. is a single genus in the family Heliconiaceae, with approximate consists of 200 species. It has wide morphological variations among and within species which led to problems in species identification. Species diversity and phylogenetic analysis using morphology and rbcL marker subjected to 17 Heliconia spp. living collections of Purwodadi Botanic Garden (PBG) have been conducted. The rbcL gene located in chloroplast genome is one of appropriate proposed marker for plant barcoding assessment. This study aimed to study morphology and genetic variability of the PBG Heliconiaceae collections, to confirms the species name for a more accurate identity record and to reveal the diversity and phylogenetics of the species. Morphological characterization showed high variability among Heliconia species, which included 3 subgenera (Heliconia, Stenochlamys, and Griggsia) and 1 hybrid. Each species possessed unique morphological characteristics. The common morphological characters which distinguished among and within Heliconia species includes leaf form, inflorescence type, and bract characteristics. Key to the Heliconia species examined is presented in this paper. However, molecular confirmation using rbcL sequences showed high conservation level (0.932) and low genetic variability. About 656 nucleotides were monomorphic and 33 positions were polymorphic which comprised 18 singleton variable sites and 15 parsimony informative sites. Twelve haplotypes were produced with haplotype diversity value 0.8952. Pairwise distance analysis shows that they were shared high similarity of rbcL sequences with very low genetic distance (0.022 to 0.000). The topology of phylogenetic tree resulted by Neighbour-Joining algorithm has the best grouping and be able to explain the relationship among species of Heliconia, although supported by low bootstrap (65). It was separated into two clades following its subgen. classification. Clade 1 consists of subgen. Heliconia and Griggsia; while clade 2 consists of subgen. Heliconia and Stenochlamys; also hybrid species. Further, separation of deeper branchings (section) was inconsistent and unclear. Upon this study, rbcL marker was considered too conserved thus less valuable for phylogenetic analysis at lower taxa among and within Heliconia spp. However, rbcL was suggested to distinguish at higher level taxa between closely related genus and above.

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“…An outgroup is important in phylogenetic inference to determine the polarity or direction of evolution . Therefore, this study supports the monophyly of both families, with Strelitziaceae as the primitive relative of Heliconiaceae in accordance to some previous phylogenetic studies (Sheela et al, 2006;Marouelli et al, 2010;Iles et al, 2017;Hapsari et al, 2019). Furthermore, both methods revealed that the separation within the subgenera of Heliconiaceae was unclear and paraphyletic.…”

“…The diversity centers of Heliconia are located in tropic and subtropic regions of South America and Central America (Cronquist, 1981). However, the current distribution of Heliconia is found in many tropical countries in the world, including Brazil (Marouelli et al, 2010), Colombia (Isaza et al, 2012), Mexico (Avendaño-Arrazate et al, 2017), Indonesia (Hapsari et al, 2019). Several species of both families are used as ornamental plants for garden landscapes and cut flowers.…”

“…Likewise, Sheela et al (2006) and Marouelli et al (2010) reported the high RAPD polymorphism and demonstrated the monophyletic of Heliconiaceae separated from Strelitziaceae and other families in the Zingiberales. Molecular applications using DNA sequencing methods also have been reported, including Kress et al (2002), Cron et al (2012); Iles et al (2017), Hapsari et al (2019), and others.. Nevertheless, the RAPD method is considered more economical and simple, yet accurate enough to study the genetic diversity and relationship of closely related families compared to other molecular methods (Probojati et al 2019;Trimanto et al 2023).…”

Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic Relationships of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes Using Phenological, Molecular and DNA Barcoding Markers

“…The interpretation of plastid DNA sequences in many plants revealed that the plastid genome changed only possibly a bit during evolutionary events [87,88]. In many studies, the rbcL gene has been successfully utilized in phylogenetic studies at above-species taxonomic levels [89,90]. Most studies have emphasized the importance of using rbcL in conjunction with other plant DNA barcodes [91].…”

Global vision of heliconias research as cut flower: a review

“…For the topic of genetic resources, the authors made contributions to the study of more than 20 heliconia genotypes in order to determine the commercial potential as cut flower in the tropical flower industry (Loges et al, 2007;Costa et al, 2009;Rocha et al, 2010;Merida et al, 2013;Araujo et al, 2015;Loges et al, 2015;Pereira et al, 2016). Also the study of the morphology and genetic variability of this species (Hapsari et al, 2019;Kannan et al, 2019;Raizer et al, 2019) and the ability to adapt to different edaphoclimatic conditions (Tokarz et al, 2019).…”