Species Interactions in Spruce–Fir Mixed Stands and Implications for Enrichment Planting in the Changbai Mountains, China

HaoYan, Zhao; XinGang, Kang; Guo, Zhiqiang; Yang, Hua; Xu, Ming

doi:10.1659/mrd-journal-d-11-00125.1

Cited by 18 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Differential exclusion among Picea height classes may relate to the unsuitability of forest floor micro-environmental conditions for the survival, establishment, and growth of juveniles and sub-canopy trees. This is a finding that is to some extent congruent with the Janzen-Connell theory, which proposes high rates of mortality close to mature trees (Wang et al 2010;Zhao et al 2012). At most distances, there were no significant associations between the following species pairs: Tilia (U) and Picea (L), Abies (U) and Pinus (L), Abies (U) and Picea (L), and Pinus (U) and Acer (L).…”

Section: Figuresupporting

confidence: 79%

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Distribution patterns and associations of dominant tree species in a mixed coniferous-broadleaf forest in the Changbai Mountains

et al. 2015

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In 2012 a plot was established with 1-ha area in a mixed coniferous-broadleaf forest in the Changbai Mountains, northeastern China for examining local forest processes, structure and succession. A method of O-ring statistics (paircorrelation function) was applied to analyze the spatial patterns and associations of the dominant species within different vertical layers. After the evaluation by their importance values, six tree species (or group) (i.e. Abies nephrolepis, Picea jezoensis, Pinus koraiensis, Tilia amurensis, and species group of Betula ssp. and species group of Acer ssp.) were determined as dominant trees species. It was found that some of these species exhibited closely clustered distributions at fine distances. As spatial distance increased, a random or even regular distribution gradually appeared with the exception of the upper layers of A. nephrolepis and P. koraiensis, and the lower layers of P. jezoensis, P. koraiensis and Betula ssp., which were substantially randomly distributed. Intra-and inter-species spatial associations varied in accordance with species, tree height and reciprocal distances. Positive associations were observed between the lower and upper height classes of trees of the same species (except for that of P. jezoensis) at fine distances. This may be owing to limited seed dispersal and geological heterogeneity. The aggregation intensity declines with increasing distances and this consistent with the predictions of self-thinning. Some coniferous trees (e.g. Pinus koraiensis) in the lower height class were positively associated with T. amurensis and group of Betula ssp. of the upper height class at some distances, suggesting that saplings of coniferous trees occupy a broader niche and can grow well under the canopy of the adult of broad-leaved trees. Negative associations were observed between upper coniferous trees and lower broad-leaved trees and between upper P. jezoensis and lower P. koraiensis, suggesting that a canopy of these trees might not provide suitable environment for the survival, establishment, and growth of lower individuals, corresponding well to Janzen-Connell hypothesis.

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Section: Figuresupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Tilia, Abies and Acer), suggesting that limited seed dispersal from mother trees results in clusters of small individuals within the seed rain shadows. Thus, saplings recruit beneath the canopies of large parent trees and must be shade-tolerant for long term persistence (Hou et al 2004;Zhao et al 2012).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution patterns and associations of dominant tree species in a mixed coniferous-broadleaf forest in the Changbai Mountains

et al. 2015

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“…The species pairs of Pinus (J) vs. Pinus (U), Tilia (J) vs. Picea (U), and Pinus (L) vs. Picea (U) had significant negative associations at large scales. Pinecones (e.g., Pinus and Abies) were harvested on the spot owing to their economic value; this adverse anthropogenic interference prevented recruitment of understory trees (Zhao et al, 2012). Nevertheless, Tilia (J) and Pinus (L) were negatively associated with Picea (U) at larger scales, suggesting that habitat heterogeneity might occur (e.g., topography, soil nutrients, and heterogeneous distribution of light) (Harms et al, 2000; Zhang et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This parameter can generally characterize the status and role of each species in a community (Li, 2010). A larger IV of a given tree species corresponds to a greater dominance in a plot Zhao et al, 2012).…”

Section: Determining the Dominant Species In The Mixed Coniferous-bromentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial association and optimum adjacent distribution of trees in a mixed coniferous-broadleaf forest in northeastern China

Zhang¹

2017

Appl Ecol Env Res

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Abstract. The spatial patterns and associations of adjacent tree species among the vertical layers of a forest were analysed with point-pattern statistics (a pair-correlation function) in a 1-ha plot. The hierarchy of tree species from highest to lowest importance values (IVs) was as follows: A. nephrolepis, P. jezoensis, P. koraiensis, and T. amurensis. All trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) >1.0 cm were identified. (1) Clustered distributions were observed at fine scales for some tree species, possibly caused by environmental heterogeneity, limited seed dispersal or biological characteristics of seeds; however, random or even regular distributions indicated a "self-thinning" process with intra-specific competition.(2) It was also found positive associations at small scales among species pairs in different tree-height classes that might be a function of the shade-tolerance of congeners, different niches or the influence of habitat heterogeneity on niche breadth, whereas significant negative associations at large scales might be caused by adverse anthropogenic interference or existing habitat heterogeneity. (3) Additionally, habitat heterogeneity, limited seed dispersal and inter-specific competition might be the most important factors that influence species spatial patterns and associations; these scenarios can provide new insight into the development of reforestation practices in forest management.

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“…However, the positive association that we observed among adult trees and juvenile trees in P. tabulaeformis forests were somewhat surprising, as this pattern would be expected to vanish due to competition as trees grew to adult stage. Additionally, Pacala (1997) suggested that intraspecific competition effects should be much more important than interspecific competition, which could promote species coexistence (Carson, & Pickett, 1990;Martíneza et al, 2010;Zhao, Kang, Guo, Yang, & Xu, 2012). Additionally, Pacala (1997) suggested that intraspecific competition effects should be much more important than interspecific competition, which could promote species coexistence (Carson, & Pickett, 1990;Martíneza et al, 2010;Zhao, Kang, Guo, Yang, & Xu, 2012).…”

Section: Associations Among Life Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial patterns and interspecific associations among trees at different stand development stages in the natural secondary forests on the Loess Plateau, China

O’Hara

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Quercus wutaishansea populations on the Loess Plateau are currently becoming more dominant in natural secondary forests, whereas Pinus tabulaeformis is declining. In the present paper, the diameter class (instead of age) was used to classify the different growth stages as juvenile, subadult, or adult, and the univariate function g(r) was used to analyze the dynamic changes in spatial patterns and interspecific associations in three 1‐ha tree permanent plots on the Loess Plateau, NW China. Our results suggested that the niche breadth changed with the development stage. The diameter distribution curve was consistent with the inverted “J” type, indicating that natural regeneration was common in all three plots. There was a close relationship between the spatial pattern and scale, which showed significant aggregation at small distances, and became more random as distance increased, but in the Pinus + Quercus mixed forests, the whole species were aggregated at distances up to 50 m. The degree of spatial clumping decreased from juvenile to subadult and from subadult to adult. The spatial pattern also differed at different growth stages, likely due to strong intraspecific competition. Associations among different growth stages were positively correlated at small scales. Our study is important to the understanding of the development of the Q. wutaishansea forests; thus, the spatial dynamic change features should be received greater attention when planning forest management and developing restoration strategies on the Loess Plateau.

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Species Interactions in Spruce–Fir Mixed Stands and Implications for Enrichment Planting in the Changbai Mountains, China

Cited by 18 publications

References 36 publications

Distribution patterns and associations of dominant tree species in a mixed coniferous-broadleaf forest in the Changbai Mountains

Distribution patterns and associations of dominant tree species in a mixed coniferous-broadleaf forest in the Changbai Mountains

Spatial association and optimum adjacent distribution of trees in a mixed coniferous-broadleaf forest in northeastern China

Spatial patterns and interspecific associations among trees at different stand development stages in the natural secondary forests on the Loess Plateau, China

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