Species limits in polymorphic mimetic Eniclases net-winged beetles from New Guinean mountains (Coleoptera, Lycidae)

Abstract

Species delimitation was compared in a group of closely related lineages of aposematically colored Eniclases (Coleoptera, Lycidae) using morphology, genetic distances, and Bayesian implementation of the Poisson Tree Processes model. A high diversity of net-winged beetles was found in previously unsampled regions of New Guinea and ten new species are described: Eniclases bicolor sp. n., Eniclases bokondinensis sp. n., Eniclases brancuccii sp. n., Eniclases elelimensis sp. n., Eniclases infuscatus sp. n., Eniclases niger sp. n., Eniclases pseudoapertus sp. n., Eniclases pseudoluteolus sp. n., Eniclases tikapurensis sp. n., and Eniclases variabilis sp. n. Different levels of genetic and morphological diversification were identified in various sister-species pairs. As a result, both morphological and molecular analyses are used to delimit species. Sister-species with uncorrected pairwise genetic divergence as low as 0.45% were morphologically distinct not only in color pattern, but also in the relative size of eyes. Conversely, differences in color pattern regardless of their magnitude did not necessarily indicate genetic distance and intraspecific mimicry polymorphism was common. Additionally, genetic divergence without morphological differentiation was detected in one sister-species pair. Low dispersal propensity, diverse mimicry patterns, and mimetic polymorphism resulted in complex diversification of Eniclases and uncertain species delimitation in recently diversified lineages.

The effectiveness of DNA‐based delimitation inSynchonnusnet‐winged beetles (Coleoptera: Lycidae) assessed, and description of 11 new species

“…However, we found essentially no difference between cox1 sequences of three morphologically distinct species in clade C – no more than expected by chance between different samples of a single species (Figs 3,6; Table S3). The intraspecific K‐2‐P distances <2% did not show any geographic structure typical of net‐winged beetles (Li et al ; Bocek & Bocak ; Table S3) and all DNA‐based approaches identified a single species in clade C (Table S4). In contrast with the results of the DNA‐based delimitation, male genitalia clearly indicate the presence of three species with low intraspecific variability and mostly an allopatric distribution ( S. crypticum and S. variabilis ; Figs 1–2, 78–87; S2–S3).…”

“…Other morphological characters are unreliable in the clade C. For example, the general colouration of these three species, i.e. S. variabilis , S. crypticum and S. campestris , is affected by their membership in various local mimetic complexes; two different forms have been identified in S. variabilis (Figs 19, 24–26) in which feature it resembles members of the genera Eniclases or Metriorrhynchus (Bocak & Yagi ; Bocek & Bocak ). Similarly, the strength and shape of pronotal carinae is variable in individual specimens representing a single species.…”

“…Unlike previous studies (e.g. Li et al ; Bocek & Bocak ), we examine a species delimitation in a lineage with diverse male genitalia. The genitalia play an important role in mating, and their divergence is widely considered as proof of reproductive isolation (Simmons ; Wojcieszek & Simmons ).…”

Phylogenomic analysis resolves the relationships among net‐winged beetles (Coleoptera: Lycidae) and reveals the parallel evolution of morphological traits

“…Additionally, detailed phylogenetic and taxonomic studies have focused on specific groups within Lycidae (e.g. Kazantsev, 2002Kazantsev, , 2004Kazantsev, , 2012Bocakova, 2003Bocakova, , 2004Masek et al, 2014;Sklenarova et al, 2014;Bocek & Bocak, 2016;Li et al, 2016Li et al, , 2017Li et al, , 2018Ferreira et al, 2018). Although net-winged beetles have potential as models for macroevolutionary studies, indecisive phylogenetic data and weakly supported phylogenies complicate further research of this group ( Fig.…”

High diversity and endemism in the genus Cautires Waterhouse, 1879 (Coleoptera: Lycidae) from the Malay mountain forests, with the descriptions of fourteen new species

“…Such lack of knowledge is to be expected in relation to under-investigated and long-inaccessible regions such as New Guinea (Riedel et al 2013;Bocek & Bocak 2016), but, at least in the case of net-winged European Journal of Taxonomy 219: 1-29 ISSN 21181-29 ISSN -9773 http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2016 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2016 · Jiruskova A. et al This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.…”