Species or Supraspecific Taxa as Terminals in Cladistic Analysis? Groundplans Versus Exemplars Revisited

Prendini, Lorenzo

doi:10.1080/10635150118650

Cited by 193 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 82 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

137

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Exemplar species were coded for this study following the recommendations of Prendini (2001). However, since immature stages have been unequivocally associated with adults for only a handful of species within each genus, characters of the immature stages for a particular exemplar species may not reflect observations of that species' semaphoront, but of a closely related species from the same biogeographic region (Appendix 3, Polycentropus zaneta Denning, 1948 for P. flavomaculatus Pictet, 1834 and Pseudoneureclipsis lusitanicus Malicky, 1980 for P. saccheda Schmid & Denning, 1979).…”

Section: Taxon Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeny of Polycentropodidae Ulmer, 1903 (Trichoptera:Annulipalpia:Psychomyioidea) inferred from larval, pupal and adult characters

Chamorro

Holzenthal

2011

Invert. Systematics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Phylogeny of Polycentropodidae Ulmer is inferred based on data from immature and adult stages. Larval information is unknown for 61% of the taxa included in this study. To understand the effects of including characters with large sets of missing data, three alternative datasets were analysed using parsimony and Bayesian methods. Five outgroup taxa, including the four families in Psychomyioidea and the single family in Hydropsychoidea, were used in all datasets. Monophyly of Polycentropodidae, as currently defined, was rejected and the monophyly of the three largest cosmopolitan genera, Polycentropus, Polyplectropus and Nyctiophylax, was not confirmed. Monophyly of Pseudoneureclipsinae, including the genera Antillopsyche and Pseudoneureclipsis, was supported in all analyses. The placement of Pseudoneureclipsis within Dipseudopsidae was rejected. Monophyly of Kambaitipsychinae was supported, but its placement within Polycentropodidae was not confirmed. Analyses were sensitive to either inclusion or exclusion of characters from immature stages. Based on the results of these analyses, the following taxonomic changes are established: Kambaitipsychidae, stat. nov. and Pseudoneureclipsidae, stat. nov. are elevated to family status. North American Polycentropus species originally described in either Plectrocnemia or Holocentropus are returned to their original combinations and North American species described in Polycentropus post-1944 are transferred to either Holocentropus or Plectrocnemia. The following new or reinstated combinations are proposed: Plectrocnemia albipuncta Banks, comb, rev.; Plectrocnemia aureola Banks, comb, rev.; Plectrocnemia cinerea (Hagen), comb, rev.; Plectrocnemia clinei Milne, comb, rev.; Plectrocnemia crassicornis (Walker), comb, rev.; Plectrocnemia jenula (Denning) comb, nov.; Plectrocnemia icula (Ross), comb, nov.; Plectrocnemia nascotia (Ross), comb, nov.; Plectrocnemia remota (Banks), comb, rev.; Plectrocnemia sabulosa (Leonard & Leonard), comb, nov.; Plectrocnemia smithae (Denning), comb, nov.; Plectrocnemia vigilatrix Navas, comb, rev

show abstract

Section: Taxon Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeny of Polycentropodidae Ulmer, 1903 (Trichoptera:Annulipalpia:Psychomyioidea) inferred from larval, pupal and adult characters

Chamorro

Holzenthal

2011

Invert. Systematics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The remaining three terminals, Tyrannosaurus , Dilong , and Compsognathidae Cope 1871 [110], comprise basal members of Coelurosauria, the established sister taxon to Allosauroidea [12], [14], [17]. Although the use of the supraspecific taxa Coelophysoidea and Compsognathidae is not ideal [111], evaluating every distinct terminal within those clades is outside the scope of the present analysis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Information on the Cranial Anatomy of Acrocanthosaurus atokensis and Its Implications for the Phylogeny of Allosauroidea (Dinosauria: Theropoda)

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundAllosauroidea has a contentious taxonomic and systematic history. Within this group of theropod dinosaurs, considerable debate has surrounded the phylogenetic position of the large-bodied allosauroid Acrocanthosaurus atokensis from the Lower Cretaceous Antlers Formation of North America. Several prior analyses recover Acrocanthosaurus atokensis as sister taxon to the smaller-bodied Allosaurus fragilis known from North America and Europe, and others nest Acrocanthosaurus atokensis within Carcharodontosauridae, a large-bodied group of allosauroids that attained a cosmopolitan distribution during the Early Cretaceous.Methodology/Principal FindingsRe-evaluation of a well-preserved skull of Acrocanthosaurus atokensis (NCSM 14345) provides new information regarding the palatal complex and inner surfaces of the skull and mandible. Previously inaccessible internal views and articular surfaces of nearly every element of the skull are described. Twenty-four new morphological characters are identified as variable in Allosauroidea, combined with 153 previously published characters, and evaluated for eighteen terminal taxa. Systematic analysis of this dataset recovers a single most parsimonious topology placing Acrocanthosaurus atokensis as a member of Allosauroidea, in agreement with several recent analyses that nest the taxon well within Carcharodontosauridae.Conclusions/SignificanceA revised diagnosis of Acrocanthosaurus atokensis finds that the species is distinguished by four primary characters, including: presence of a knob on the lateral surangular shelf; enlarged posterior surangular foramen; supraoccipital protruding as a double-boss posterior to the nuchal crest; and pneumatic recess within the medial surface of the quadrate. Furthermore, the recovered phylogeny more closely agrees with the stratigraphic record than hypotheses that place Acrocanthosaurus atokensis as more closely related to Allosaurus fragilis. Fitch optimization of body size is also more consistent with the placement of Acrocanthosaurus atokensis within a clade of larger carcharodontosaurid taxa than with smaller-bodied taxa near the base of Allosauroidea. This placement of Acrocanthosaurus atokensis supports previous hypotheses of a global carcharodontosaurid radiation during the Early Cretaceous.

show abstract

“…For this analysis I used exemplars of the various taxa, both outgroup and ingroup, and thus made no a priori assumptions about probable direction of state changes, and thereby also included estimates of polymorphisms. Exemplars rather than groundplans were utilised, as advocated by Prendini (2001), but scorings for individual specimens were often combined to produce “summary” terminals with specified polymorphisms (see Table 1) rather than maintaining them as separate terminals. Since Chrysidoidea is the sister group of Aculeata s.str.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new Late Cretaceous family of Hymenoptera, and phylogeny of the Plumariidae and Chrysidoidea (Aculeata)

Brothers¹

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The taxonomic placement of an enigmatic species of wasp known from two specimens in Late Cretaceous New Jersey amber is investigated through cladistic analyses of 90 morphological characters for 33 terminals ranging across non-Aculeata, non-Chrysidoidea, most subfamilies of Chrysidoidea and all genera of Plumariidae (the family to which the fossils were initially assigned), based on use of exemplars. The fossil taxon is apparently basal in Chrysidoidea, most likely sister to Plumariidae, but perhaps sister to the remaining chrysidoids, or even sister to Chrysidoidea as a whole. It is described as representing a new family, Plumalexiidae fam. n., containing a single species, Plumalexius rasnitsyni gen. et sp. n. Previous estimates of relationships for the genera of Plumariidae and for the higher taxa of Chrysidoidea are mostly confirmed. The importance of outgroup choice, and additivity and weighting of characters are demonstrated.

show abstract

Species or Supraspecific Taxa as Terminals in Cladistic Analysis? Groundplans Versus Exemplars Revisited

Cited by 193 publications

References 82 publications

Phylogeny of Polycentropodidae Ulmer, 1903 (Trichoptera:Annulipalpia:Psychomyioidea) inferred from larval, pupal and adult characters

Phylogeny of Polycentropodidae Ulmer, 1903 (Trichoptera:Annulipalpia:Psychomyioidea) inferred from larval, pupal and adult characters

New Information on the Cranial Anatomy of Acrocanthosaurus atokensis and Its Implications for the Phylogeny of Allosauroidea (Dinosauria: Theropoda)

A new Late Cretaceous family of Hymenoptera, and phylogeny of the Plumariidae and Chrysidoidea (Aculeata)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About