Species richness and structure variations of Scots pine forest communities during the period from 5 to 210 years after fire.

Горшков, В. В.; Bakkal, Irene J.

doi:10.14214/sf.a9244

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…fungi (Wicklow, 1988). Gorshkov and Bakkal (1996) found a difference in the recovery dynamics of separate components of the community from 5-15 years (dwarf shrubs and herbs) to 120-140 years (tree stratum), with moss-lichen cover stabilizing after 90-140 years. Studies of the impact of fires on understorey vegetation of maritime pine forests indicate that species richness and diversity increase after burning (Rego et aI., 1991).…”

Section: Secondary Measures Such As Forest Edges Open Areas and Presmentioning

confidence: 88%

Aspects of biodiversity of Scots pine forests in Europe

Lust¹,

Geudens²,

Nachtergale³

2001

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Management of Scots pine, the most widely distributed conifer in the world, was often based on clearfelling and replanting regimes, resulting in a rather poor biodiversity value. However, there is nowadays a general expectation to increase biodiversity by applying a more complex silviculture.Although present knowledge of genetic factors is insufficient to draw firm conclusions on the desirable level of genetic diversity, it seems unlikely that current silvicultural practices will limit genetic diversity in Scots pine Native pinewoods are rare in Europe, but have a flora and fauna of high conservation value.Therefore they must be recognized as a priority habitat under the European Commission's Habitat Directive. The high conservation value of native stands is a function of their old-growth structure that provides a rare habitat.A number of measures should be taken in all types of Scots pine forests to enhance biodiversity.Firstly, old growth habitats should be promoted. Foresters have to accept that a small percentage of the pine resource should be managed upon much longer rotations. Secondly, retention of deadwood should be encouraged. Dead and dying wood are key components of stand structure and act as key substrates for many associated species, such as microbes, invertebrates, small mammals and birds. Furthermore, a complex stand structure should be promoted at both the horizontal and the vertical scale. A small scale forestry, group regeneration systems, natural regeneration, introduction of broadleaves and stronger thinnings are strongly recommended. Availability of quite precise niches significantly increases biodiversity value. However, enhancing biodiversity provokes also some risks. Generally, browsing is considered as a moderate risk. Introduced species, such as aspen, act as an alternate host to the rust. Conservation of isolated populationsOpen species can present a threat to the European pine marten, dying and deadwood can provide breeding habitats for pest species (TomicLis piniperda) , burning increases the risk of seedlings being attacked pine fire fungus (Rhizina undulata) and forest edges may be an attractive habitat for pest insects.An extension of existing growth models is needed to incorporate biodiversity issues in forest _ _ _ -lJ.U3aagemeot-p13aoingJlistaoce dependenUndL\lidllal tree growth models should he developed Sets of indicators for biodiversity must integrate compositional, structural and functional Sliva Gandavensls 66 (2001)Aspects of Biodiversity of Scots Pine Forests in Europe 17 attributes. Attributes such as species richness, species abundance, species diversity, horizontal and vertical distribution, tree age, tree size, stand diversity, architectural complexity, genetic variants and deadwood are needed for the establishment of biodiversity indices. Assessment of functional phenomena needs the knowledge of the driving biotic environmental factors.

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Section: Secondary Measures Such As Forest Edges Open Areas and Presmentioning

confidence: 88%

Aspects of biodiversity of Scots pine forests in Europe

Lust¹,

Geudens²,

Nachtergale³

2001

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“…Yli-Vakkuri 1962). In boreal Pinus forest communities the time to reach a steady state is estimated at 100 -150 yr (Gorschkov & Bakkal 1996), in western Norway this time may be less than 100 years as a result of higher temperatures and precipitation (Klingsheim 1996).…”

Section: Long-term Successionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass and chemical composition of common forest plants in response to fire in western Norway

Skre¹,

Wielgolaski

Moe

1998

J Vegetation Science

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Abstract. The biomass and chemical composition in six dominant field and bottom layer species was followed during four years after a fire in a Pinus sylvestris forest in western Norway. Three fire intensity levels were distinguished: low, medium and high. The overall biomass in the different species was estimated from the biomass per shoot, the shoot densities in pure stands of the investigated species and the percentage cover at medium burned sites. Corresponding measurements were made at control plots outside the burned area. A strong post‐fire increase in the overall biomass of Calluna vulgaris, Polytrichum spp., Deschampsia flexuosa and Pteridium aquilinum was found, against a much slower regrowth of Vaccinium myrtillus and V. vitis‐idaea. The Vaccinium species and Calluna were the dominant species at the control plot. Accumulation of carbohydrates seemed to take place in green and non‐green tissue of Pteridium and Deschampsia. A corresponding accumulation of nitrogen was found in green and non‐green Calluna and in non‐green Vaccinium myrtillus tissue, and of phosphorus in green and non‐green tissue of both Vaccinium species and Calluna as a result of fire. The regrowth of Calluna was mainly from seeds that appeared to be present in the soil before the fire. The regeneration of Pteridium and the two Vaccinium species took place almost exclusively vegetatively from below‐ground rhizomes that had survived the fire. Three years after the fire the overall biomass at the burned site was higher than at the control site, due to improved light and nutrient conditions. However, the biomass is expected to decrease in the future and the species composition will probably change as nutrients are leached out of the soil and Pinus and deciduous trees (Betula pubescens and Salix caprea) regenerate from seeds and roots, leading to increased competition in the field and shrub layer.

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“…Survival of understorey vegetation depends on fire severity, as high intensity fires can remove the litter and soil humus layers, causing loss of plant roots, seeds, root corms and rhizomes (Schimmel and Granstrom 1996). The responses of different taxonomic groups to fires with different intensity are highly variable and the time needed for postfire recovery of species diversity, composition, and abundance may range from short (a few years) to long (>100 years) time intervals (Gorshkov and Bakkal 1996;Marozas et al 2007; Bartels and Chen 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the impacts of wildfires on forest biodiversity may be long-term (Kuuluvainen 2002), the chronosequence method, consisting of post-fire stands with variable time since fire, has frequently been used to study the recovery patterns of vascular plants and bryophytes in the boreal forests of North America (Grandpré et al 1993;Hart and Chen 2008;Paquette et al 2016;Jean et al 2017Jean et al , 2019. In northern Europe the method seldomly has been applied for studying the long-term impacts of fire on understorey vegetation (Parro et al 2009;Gorshkov and Bakkal 1996), despite the significant history of forest fires in the area (Donis et al 2017). Although the space-for-time substitution (i.e., chronosequence) has been criticized because the assumption of stability over the time span of successional sequences is considered unlikely (Johnson and Miyanishi 2008), the method has been found to be appropriate for studying communities with low biodiversity and following convergent successional trajectories (Walker et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest fires have long-term effects on the composition of vascular plants and bryophytes in Scots pine forests of hemiboreal Estonia

Orumaa¹,

Köster²,

Tullus³

et al. 2022

Silva Fenn.

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Since fire frequency is expected to increase globally due to climate change, it is important to understand its effects on forest ecosystems. We studied the long-term patterns in species diversity, cover and composition of vascular plants and bryophytes after forest fire and the site-related factors behind them. Research was carried out in northwestern Estonia, using a chronosequence of Scots pine ( L.) stands, located on nutrient poor sandy soils, where fires had occurred 12, 23, 38, 69, 80 and 183 years ago. In every stand three 100 m vegetation plots were established to collect floristic and environmental information. The effects on floristic characteristics of time since fire, light, and soil variables were evaluated with linear mixed models, followed by backward variable selection. Compositional variation was analysed with non-metric multidimensional scaling, Multi-response Permutation Procedures, and Indicator Species Analysis. Altogether, 31 vascular plant and 39 bryophyte species were found in vegetation plots. The cover of the vascular plant and bryophyte layers increased with a longer time since fire. Soil and light variables impacted the richness of several vascular plant and bryophyte groups, whereas only the richness of liverworts and dwarf-shrubs correlated with time since fire. Considerable compositional differences were observed in vascular plant and bryophyte assemblages between recently vs. long-time ago burned stands. To conclude, time since fire significantly impacted compositional patterns of vascular plants and bryophytes in pine forests on nutrient poor soils, although time-related trends in species richness were less evident.Pinus sylvestris2

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Species richness and structure variations of Scots pine forest communities during the period from 5 to 210 years after fire.

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Aspects of biodiversity of Scots pine forests in Europe

Aspects of biodiversity of Scots pine forests in Europe

Biomass and chemical composition of common forest plants in response to fire in western Norway

Forest fires have long-term effects on the composition of vascular plants and bryophytes in Scots pine forests of hemiboreal Estonia

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