Species, Seasonal Occurrence, and Natural Enemies of Stink Bugs and Leaffooted Bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae, Coreidae, Largidae) in Pecans

Rivero, Socorro Héctor Tarango; Hernández, Alejandro González

doi:10.3958/059.034.0311

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Previous research had found that L. zonatus nymphs feed on mature pecans in the field [22,23], and we confirmed that they are capable of feeding through a pecan shell even as young as second instars, which is the earliest stage at which nymphs begin to feed. However, our survival results demonstrated that structural feeding barriers like pecan shells can impose considerable limitations on the survival of juvenile L. zonatus.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…It is possible that insect herbivores might feed more easily on pecans earlier in the season, before the shells harden, but even then, there is still a substantial barrier protecting the nut in the form of the husk [ 21 ]. Despite these defences, pecans are readily consumed by multiple Leptoglossus species in parts of the United States [ 17 ], Mexico [ 22 , 23 ] and Brazil [ 24 ]. Furthermore, both juvenile and adult L. zonatus have been observed feeding on pecan nuts in the field [ 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adult presence does not ameliorate juvenile feeding challenges in a leaf-footed bug

Zlotnik,

Miller

2023

R. Soc. open sci.

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Herbivores often grapple with structural defences in their host plants, which may pose especially difficult challenges for juveniles due to their underdeveloped feeding morphology. The degree to which juvenile herbivore survival is limited by structural defences as well as the strategies used to overcome them are not well understood. We hypothesized that juveniles benefit from feeding near adults because adults pierce through physical barriers while feeding, enabling juveniles to access nutrients that they otherwise could not. We tested this feeding facilitation hypothesis in the leaf-footed bug Leptoglossus zonatus (Hemiptera: Coreidae). Bugs were raised with an adult or a juvenile conspecific and fed a diet of pecans with or without shells. As predicted, we found that juveniles suffered greater mortality when fed nuts with shells than when fed nuts without shells. Contrary to our expectations, the presence of an adult feeding on the same nut did not lessen this effect. Therefore, the presence of an adult does not ameliorate the feeding difficulties faced by juvenile L. zonatus, despite evidence for feeding facilitation in related insect species. This study adds to our understanding of how host plant defences can limit the survival of even highly generalist herbivores.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult presence does not ameliorate juvenile feeding challenges in a leaf-footed bug

Zlotnik,

Miller

2023

R. Soc. open sci.

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“…Leptoglossus zonatus has a wide geographic range across its presumptive origins in the Western Hemisphere [27,28] and an equally broad range of crops that it can damage (e.g., [29,30,31,32,33]). Here, we report that in California’s San Joaquin Valley, L. zonatus has three distinct generations per year (Figure 2) with the adult stage being the principle overwintering stage (Figure 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Dynamics of the Leaffooted Bug Leptoglossus zonatus and Its Implications for Control in Almonds and Pistachios

Daane

Yokota

Wilson

2019

Insects

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Leptoglossus zonatus is a polyphagous pest found throughout much of the Western Hemisphere. In California, L. zonatus attacks almond, pistachio, pomegranate, and walnut crops, but the seasonal use of and economic damage to these crops varies. To better understand the seasonal changes of L. zonatus populations and to improve monitoring programs in California’s San Joaquin Valley, we caged overwintering adult males and females and then followed the resulting population dynamics over a one-year period. There were three generations over the one-year period, although eggs, nymphs, and adults overlapped among successive generations. From an initial 75 overwintering adult females, there were 1214 egg strands, 16,692 nymphs, and 4900 adults recorded during the one-year period. Depending on the generation, the number of nymphs per egg strand ranged from 11.3 to 14.3; the sex ratio was close to 1:1 with the exception of one female-biased cage; and nymph mortality ranged from 22.0% to 39.5%. Adult females isolated from each generation produced 2.4–5.1 egg strands per female that totaled 41.7–61.7 eggs per female with a 67.1–86.8% successful hatch rate. We find that the adult is the overwintering stage, as more adults (without food provisions) survived the winter compared to medium-sized or large-sized nymphs provided with both food and water. The results are discussed with respect to the development of L. zonatus control and monitoring programs for California’s multi-billion-dollar (US) nut crops.

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“…In the United States and other countries worldwide, several leaf-footed bug (Hemiptera: Coreidae) species are considered important agricultural pests within a diverse array of cropping systems (Froeschner 1988, Mitchell 2000). Particularly, coreid bugs in the genera Anasa and Leptoglossus pose significant threats to cucurbitaceous and solanaceous vegetables (Doughty et al 2016, Braman and Westerfield 2020), as well as tree fruit crops like citrus, almond, pistachio, pecan, and pine nuts (Koerber 1963, Daane et al 2005, Rivero and Hernández 2009, Xiao and Fadamiro 2010, Joyce et al 2017). Current management strategies for pestiferous coreids focus mainly on repeated applications of broad-spectrum insecticides (e.g., organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, and neonicotinoids).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Augmentative biological control for squash bug (Hemiptera: Coreidae) using the egg parasitoid, Hadronotus pennsylvanicus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae)

Boyle,

Salom,

Schultz

et al. 2023

Environmental Entomology

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The squash bug, Anasa tristis (De Geer) (Hemiptera: Coreidae), is a serious pest of cucurbit crops across the United States. Conventional growers commonly use broad-spectrum insecticides to manage squash bugs, however organic growers lack these effective chemical tools and must rely on alternative management strategies. Biological control of A. tristis is largely understudied, specifically the potential of natural enemy, Hadronotus pennsylvanicus (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), as an augmentative biological control agent. For this reason, we performed early-season field releases of H. pennsylvanicus on organic farms in southeastern Virginia to test if this would improve A. tristis egg parasitism. We chose organic vegetable farms growing summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) as release sites and nearby Virginia Tech Agricultural Research Extension Centers (AREC) as no-release sites. Parasitoids were reared in the lab and deployed as parasitized egg masses (~2−3 females wasps/plant) in June 2020 and 2021. Before parasitoid deployment, host eggs collected from release and no-release sites displayed low levels of H. pennsylvanicus parasitism in 2020 (<21%) and 2021 (<8%). In both years, the percentage of A. tristis eggs parasitized within 2 weeks post deployment was significantly greater at release sites (~60%) than at no-release sites (~14%). High rates of H. pennsylvanicus parasitism (>72%) were further observed at release sites 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks following parasitoid deployment. Our study demonstrates that releases of lab-reared H. pennsylvanicus can increase A. tristis egg parasitism rates and subsequently decrease successful nymph hatch rates in early summer squash plantings.

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Species, Seasonal Occurrence, and Natural Enemies of Stink Bugs and Leaffooted Bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae, Coreidae, Largidae) in Pecans

Cited by 14 publications

References 5 publications

Adult presence does not ameliorate juvenile feeding challenges in a leaf-footed bug

Adult presence does not ameliorate juvenile feeding challenges in a leaf-footed bug

Seasonal Dynamics of the Leaffooted Bug Leptoglossus zonatus and Its Implications for Control in Almonds and Pistachios

Augmentative biological control for squash bug (Hemiptera: Coreidae) using the egg parasitoid, Hadronotus pennsylvanicus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae)

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