Species-specific differences in long-chain n-3 essential fatty acid, sterol, and steroidal ketone production in six heterotrophic protist species

Chu, Fu‐Lin E.; Lund, Eric D.; Littreal, Paul R.; Ruck, Kate E.; Harvey, Ellen

doi:10.3354/ab00174

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Lz's DHA content does, expectedly, fall with many other heterotrophic protists researched for industrial LCPUFA production, including Lz's relatives (5 to over 50% lipid; Kumon et al 2006, Armenta & Valentine 2013. With greater ecological relevance, 5 planktonic heterotrophic protists studied by Chu et al (2008Chu et al ( , 2009 fed biologically relevant diets (bacteria or phytoplankton) contained DHA at ~5 to 17%TFA. In eelgrass, patterns of laboratory segments and field-collected tissue were similar (Figs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Specifically, microorganisms consume relatively nutritionally poor organisms or substrates and then synthesize more nutritionally valuable compounds for their predators. The ability for some planktonic heterotrophic protists to produce LCPUFA and other compounds is suggested to be one means of upgrading in pelagic food webs (Chu et al 2008(Chu et al , 2009. Similarly, the capacity of Labyrinthulomycetes, which are typically saprotrophs, to synthesize LCPUFA is hypothesized to be a possible upgrading mechanism for detritus (Raghukumar 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eelgrass pathogen Labyrinthula zosterae synthesizes essential fatty acids

Yoshioka¹,

Schram²,

Galloway³

2019

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Negative consequences of parasites and disease on hosts are usually better understood than their multifaceted ecosystem effects. The pathogen Labyrinthula zosterae (Lz) causes eelgrass wasting disease but has relatives that produce large quantities of nutritionally valuable long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Here we quantify the fatty acids (FA) of Lz cultured on artificial media, eelgrass-based media, and eelgrass segments to investigate whether Lz may similarly produce LCPUFA. We also assess whether fieldcollected lesions show similar FA patterns to laboratory-inoculated eelgrass. We find that Lz produces DHA as its dominant FA along with other essential FA on both artificial and eelgrass-based media. DHA content was greater in both laboratory-inoculated and field-collected diseased eelgrass relative to their respective controls. If Lz's production scales in situ, it may present an unrecognized source of LCPUFA in eelgrass ecosystems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eelgrass pathogen Labyrinthula zosterae synthesizes essential fatty acids

Yoshioka¹,

Schram²,

Galloway³

2019

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…, 2010) but also to synthesise PUFAs de novo (Zhukova & Kharlamenko, 1999; Martin‐Creuzburg et al. , 2005; Chu et al. , 2009) usually leads to a considerable trophic upgrading of the diet of their consumers (Klein Breteler et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of ciliate and phytoplankton taxonomic composition for the estimation of eicosapentaenoic acid concentration in lakes

et al. 2012

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Summary 1. The polyunsaturated fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) plays an important role in aquatic food webs, in particular at the primary producer–consumer interface where keystone species such as daphnids may be constrained by its dietary availability. Such constraints and their seasonal and interannual changes may be detected by continuous measurements of EPA concentrations. However, such EPA measurements became common only during the last two decades, whereas long‐term data sets on plankton biomass are available for many well‐studied lakes. Here, we test whether it is possible to estimate EPA concentrations from abiotic variables (light and temperature) and the biomass of prey organisms (e.g. ciliates, diatoms and cryptophytes) that potentially provide EPA for consumers. 2. We used multiple linear regression to relate size‐ and taxonomically resolved plankton biomass data and measurements of temperature and light intensity to directly measured EPA concentrations in Lake Constance during a whole year. First, we tested the predictability of EPA concentrations from the biomass of EPA‐rich organisms (diatoms, cryptophytes and ciliates). Secondly, we included the variables mean temperature and mean light intensity over the sampling depth (0–20 m) and depth (0–8 and 8–20 m) as factors in our model to check for large‐scale seasonal‐ and depth‐dependent effects on EPA concentrations. In a third step, we included the deviations of light and temperature from mean values in our model to allow for their potential influence on the biochemical composition of plankton organisms. We used the Akaike Information Criterion to determine the best models. 3. All approaches supported our proposition that the biomasses of specific plankton groups are variables from which seston EPA concentrations can be derived. The importance of ciliates as an EPA source in the seston was emphasised by their high weight in our models, although ciliates are neglected in most studies that link fatty acids to seston taxonomic composition. The large‐scale seasonal variability of light intensity and its interaction with diatom biomass were significant predictors of EPA concentrations. The deviation of temperature from mean values, accounting for a depth‐dependent effect on EPA concentrations, and its interaction with ciliate biomass were also variables with high predictive power. 4. The best models from the first and second approaches were validated with measurements of EPA concentrations from another year (1997). The estimation with the best model including only biomass explained 80%, and the best model from the second approach including mean temperature and depth explained 87% of the variability in EPA concentrations in 1997. 5. We show that it is possible to predict EPA concentrations reliably from plankton biomass, while the inclusion of abiotic factors led to results that were only partly consistent with expectations from laboratory studies. Our approach of including biotic predictors should be transferable to other systems and allow checking...

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“…Mouradian et al (2007) indicate that the inclusion of dinosterol diagenetic products ( dinoflagellate lipids) provide evidence of preferential removal of dinosterol in oxic environments, as the degradation of dinosterol would result in enrichments of its degradative products. Though dinostanone and dinosterone can be biosynthesized directly by dinoflagellates (e.g., Harvey et al, 1988;Leblond and Chapman, 2002;Chu et al, 2009), differences in input are again unlikely. Thus, we conclude that a dinosterol-based index using the more refractory products of dinosterol degradation can be used to trace changes in oxygen content at the SWI.…”

Section: Dinosterol-based Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of meter-scale lateral oxygen gradients at the sediment-water interface on selected organic matter based alteration, productivity and temperature proxies

et al. 2012

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Abstract.A valid assessment of selective aerobic degradation on organic matter (OM) and its impact on OM-based proxies is vital to produce accurate environmental reconstructions. However, most studies investigating these effects suffer from inherent environmental heterogeneities. In this study, we used surface samples collected along two meterscale transects and one longer transect in the northeastern Arabian Sea to constrain initial OM heterogeneity, in order to evaluate selective aerobic degradation on temperature, productivity and alteration indices at the sediment-water interface. All of the studied alteration indices, the higher plant alkane index, alcohol preservation index, and diol oxidation index, demonstrated that they are sensitive indicators for changes in the oxygen regime. Several export production indices, a cholesterol-based stanol/stenol index and dinoflagellate lipid-and cyst-based ratios, showed significant (more than 20 %) change only over the lateral oxygen gradients. Therefore, these compounds do not exclusively reflect surface water productivity, but are significantly altered after deposition. Two of the proxies, glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether-based TEX 86 sea surface temperature indices and indices based on phytol, phytane and pristane, did not show any trends related to oxygen. Nevertheless, unrealistic sea surface temperatures were obtained after application of the TEX 86 , TEX L 86 , and TEX H 86 proxies. The phytol-based ratios were likely affected by the sedimentary production of pristane. Our results demonstrate the selective impact of aerobic organic matter degradation on the lipid and palynomorph composition of surface sediments along a short lateral oxygen gradient and suggest that some of the investigated proxies may be useful tracers of changing redox conditions at the sediment-water interface.

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Species-specific differences in long-chain n-3 essential fatty acid, sterol, and steroidal ketone production in six heterotrophic protist species

Cited by 16 publications

References 60 publications

Eelgrass pathogen Labyrinthula zosterae synthesizes essential fatty acids

Eelgrass pathogen Labyrinthula zosterae synthesizes essential fatty acids

Use of ciliate and phytoplankton taxonomic composition for the estimation of eicosapentaenoic acid concentration in lakes

The effect of meter-scale lateral oxygen gradients at the sediment-water interface on selected organic matter based alteration, productivity and temperature proxies

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