Species-Specific Patterns of Gut Metabolic Modules in Dutch Individuals with Different Dietary Habits

Abstract

Diet is an important modulator of the human gut microbiome, which is susceptible to increased consumption of plant fibers in vegan or vegetarian lifestyles. To investigate this, we compared the gut microbiome of Dutch adults following omnivorous, pescatarian, vegan and vegetarian diets.

The role of dietary prehabilitation on anastomotic healing

“…However work continues to emerge that suggests that beyond calorie restriction, dietary composition, such as a plant based, high fiber, low fat diet, should be considered. What is most remarkable is how quickly the gut microbiome can be modulated to express a health promoting composition despite decades of consumption of an obesogenic, high alcohol consumption, diabetogenic high fat, low fiber western type diet [27][28][29][30].…”

Towards the characterisation of sustainable diet’s gut microbiota composition and functions: A narrative review

“…Despite this, plant-based diets’ effects on the gut microbiome have been called attention to in the last decade because those diets have a high content of microbiota-accessible carbohydrates (MACs) that are not digested and absorbed by the host, such as resistant starch, inulin, xylan, and pectin. These compounds favour the growth of specialised taxa like Ruminococcus bromii , Roseburia intestinalis , and, especially, F. prausnitzii , which is associated with anti-inflammatory effects (Shetty et al, 2022; Sidhu et al, 2023; Trefflich et al, 2020). Also, high-fibre diets rich in MACs are reported to benefit host physiology via enhanced butyrate production and promote higher bacterial diversity (Shetty et al, 2022).…”

“…These compounds favour the growth of specialised taxa like Ruminococcus bromii , Roseburia intestinalis , and, especially, F. prausnitzii , which is associated with anti-inflammatory effects (Shetty et al, 2022; Sidhu et al, 2023; Trefflich et al, 2020). Also, high-fibre diets rich in MACs are reported to benefit host physiology via enhanced butyrate production and promote higher bacterial diversity (Shetty et al, 2022). According to Losno et al (2021), the genus that is consistently reported as higher in vegans in contrast with omnivores is Prevotella.…”

“…Among plant-based diets, those that include some animal-based foods, such as pescatarians, have been shown to promote different gut microbiomes in the host, contrasting dietary patterns without animal foods. However, compared to the omnivore and vegetarian groups, a significantly higher Bacillota/Bacteroidota ratio (initially named as Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio) has been reported in the pescatarian and vegan groups (Shetty et al, 2022). This could indicate that some shared components in those diets, such as dairy and eggs in omnivores and vegetarians, could be the main determinants of gut microbiota distinctions.…”

“…This could indicate that some shared components in those diets, such as dairy and eggs in omnivores and vegetarians, could be the main determinants of gut microbiota distinctions. Meanwhile, shared high fruit and vegetable intake in vegans and pescatarians could modulate similar ratios between Bacillota (previously called Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (previously called Bacteroidetes) (Shetty et al, 2022). However, fish intake plays an inconclusive role on the gut microbiome because although its regular consumption lowers rates of ischemic heart disease than meat eaters, fish intake generates significant increases in plasma circulating levels of Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), which rise 15 min after a meal, reaching approximately 50 times higher circulating concentrations of TMAO than beef or egg consumption (Cho et al, 2017; Landberg and Hanhineva, 2019).…”