Specific absorption rate and efficiency of a wideband wearable monopole antenna near the human body

Wearable and meshed wideband monopole antennas and their interactions with the human body

“…The dielectric properties of the denim were ɛ r = 1.8, tan δ = 0.07 and were measured using a split post dielectric resonator [25]. The design was optimised in [24] to achieve a wideband response up to 60 GHz both in free space and on and near phantoms.…”

“…In this paper, the dielectric properties of the phantom were set to the properties at 2.4 GHz. This approximation was found to have minimal effects on S11 or efficiency in [24]. In this paper, the antenna was moved away 10 and 20 mm away from the anatomical phantom to assess the effect on the efficiency and S11, respectively.…”

“…This paper is an invited extension of the preliminary conference paper [24]. The original paper considered a continuous circular monopole antenna that exhibited wideband behaviour.…”

A compact dual-band semi-flexible antenna at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz for wearable applications

“…Due to the flexibility and durability of wearable antennas, they have been used in a widespread range of applications known as objects observation, wireless medical purposes and wireless communications, just to name a few [9]- [11]. Specific absorption rate (SAR) is described as a degree of rate at which energy is absorbed by the body when exposed to an electromagnetic field from an antenna [12], [13]. The European Union (EU) SAR limit is 2 W/kg averaged over 10 g of tissue following the IEC standard for wireless device (IEC 62209-1) [14].…”