Specific absorption rate and temperature elevation in a subject exposed in the far-field of radio-frequency sources operating in the 10-900-MHz range

Abstract

The exposure of a subject in the far field of radiofrequency sources operating in the 10-900-MHz range has been studied. The electromagnetic field inside an anatomical heterogeneous model of the human body has been computed by using the finite-difference time-domain method; the corresponding temperature increase has been evaluated through an explicit finite-difference formulation of the bio-heat equation. The thermal model used, which takes into account the thermoregulatory system of the human body, has been validated through a comparison with experimental data. The results show that the peak specific absorption rate (SAR) as averaged over 10 g has about a 25-fold increase in the trunk and a 50-fold increase in the limbs with respect to the whole body averaged SAR (SARWB). The peak SAR as averaged over 1 g, instead, has a 30- to 60-fold increase in the trunk, and up to 135-fold increase in the ankles, with respect to SARWB. With reference to temperature increases, at the body resonance frequency of 40 MHz, for the ICNIRP incident power density maximum permissible value, a temperature increase of about 0.7 degrees C is obtained in the ankles muscle. The presence of the thermoregulatory system strongly limits temperature elevations, particularly in the body core.

Estimation of Core Temperature Elevation in Humans and Animals for Whole-Body Averaged Sar

“…The air temperature is 28 • C as a thermoneutral condition, and thus we do not need to consider metabolic adjustments [6]. Note that computational thermal dosimetry in humans has been conducted extensively for whole-body exposures in different scenarios [18][19][20].…”

“…The blood temperature changes with time according to the following equation in order to satisfy thermodynamic laws [8,18,24]:…”

Superficial Tumor Hyperthermia With Flat Left-Handed Metamaterial Lens

“…The hyperthermia performance characterized by temperature distribution in the tissue can be evaluated by solving Pennes' bio-heat equation (BHE) [21,22]:…”

“…Figure 3 shows the temperature distribution after one hour heating. The temperature distribution is obtained by solving (3) with finite-differential approach [22]. In Fig.…”

“…Table 2. Thermal parameters of tissue for the BHE [22]. The variation of temperature with heating time at two typical depths in the tissue is shown in Fig.…”