Specific and genetic diversity at deep-sea hydrothermal vents: an overview

Jollivet, Didier

doi:10.1007/bf00052119

Cited by 70 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…One consequence of stochasticity in larval supply, and episodic opening of vent sites to new colonists, is the potential for occasional exchange between far distant sites, as was observed for C. porifera in the present study. Such an exchange could explain the high genetic connectivity reported for many vent species (12,41), even in cases where most larvae are retained locally between disturbances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Larvae from afar colonize deep-sea hydrothermal vents after a catastrophic eruption

Mullineaux

Adams²,

Mills³

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The planktonic larval stage is a critical component of life history in marine benthic species because it confers the ability to disperse, potentially connecting remote populations and leading to colonization of new sites. Larval-mediated connectivity is particularly intriguing in deep-sea hydrothermal vent communities, where the habitat is patchy, transient, and often separated by tens or hundreds of kilometers. A recent catastrophic eruption at vents near 9°50′N on the East Pacific Rise created a natural clearance experiment and provided an opportunity to study larval supply in the absence of local source populations. Previous field observations have suggested that established vent populations may retain larvae and be largely self-sustaining. If this hypothesis is correct, the removal of local populations should result in a dramatic change in the flux, and possibly species composition, of settling larvae. Fortuitously, monitoring of larval supply and colonization at the site had been established before the eruption and resumed shortly afterward. We detected a striking change in species composition of larvae and colonists after the eruption, most notably the appearance of the gastropod Ctenopelta porifera, an immigrant from possibly more than 300 km away, and the disappearance of a suite of species that formerly had been prominent. This switch demonstrates that larval supply can change markedly after removal of local source populations, enabling recolonization via immigrants from distant sites with different species composition. Population connectivity at this site appears to be temporally variable, depending not only on stochasticity in larval supply, but also on the presence of resident populations.larval dispersal | population connectivity | Ctenopelta | Lepetodrilus | East Pacific Rise I n marine benthic systems, dispersal in a planktonic larval stage influences the dynamics and spatial structure of populations and can be critical for regional persistence of species. It is informative to consider these systems in the framework of metapopulation theory (1) as a balance between extinction and dispersal-mediated colonization. The extent to which a local marine population is open (i.e., the proportion of recruits that come from other locales) may increase its resilience to perturbation (2, 3), but recruitment of progeny back into the natal site also contributes to persistence (4). Larval dispersal between deep-sea hydrothermal vent communities is an intriguing topic in this context because the habitat is spatially disjunct and populations are subject to local extinctions. A major challenge to solving questions of population openness (connectivity) in marine systems, however, is determining whether the source of each recruit is local or remote because the larvae are difficult to track. Consequently, fundamental questions about how vent populations persist and what physical and biological processes control their connectivity remain unresolved despite more than three decades of research (5).Population genetic studi...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Larvae from afar colonize deep-sea hydrothermal vents after a catastrophic eruption

Mullineaux

Adams²,

Mills³

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Comparison with other ecosystems Despite much discussion of the exceptional biomass occurnng at deep-sea hydrothermal vents (Corliss et al 1979, Hessler & Smithey 1983, Felbeck et al 1985, Grassle 1985, Jannasch & Mottl 1985, Laubier et al 1986, Childress et al 1987, Lutz & Kennish 1993, Jollivet 1996, there are few published faunal biomass measurements because of the difficulty in obtaining quantitative samples. In previous studies (Hessler & Smithey 1983, Somero et al 1.983, Brault et al 1985, Fustec et al 1988, Chevaldonne & Jollivet 1993, vent community biomass has been determined from a few collected individuals and extrapolated to entire fields or structures using density estima.tes derived from video imagery.…”

Section: Assemblage Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological characteristics of a hydrothermal edifice mosaic community

Sarrazin¹,

Juniper²

1999

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

113

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This study defines the composition and biomass charactenstics of 5 of 6 previously described faunal assemblages that form a mosaic community on hydrothermal sulfide edifices of the Juan de Fuca Ridge (northeast Pacific). Quantitative samples of each assemblage were acquired during 'ROPOS' Remote Operated Vehicle (ROV) dive programs in 1994 and 1996. Total abundance, and species nchness, as well as wet and dry weights, were calculated for each assemblage, and sampled surface area was measured directly or from scaled images of sample scars. These data were used to compare species composition, nchness and biomass of the distinct assemblages and to estimate total biomass of a sulfide edifice. In addition to major compositional differences. we observed an increase in density, biomass and species richness along a proposed successional sequence from the Paralvinella suifincola (annelid polychaete) assemblage (Assemblage I) to the low-flow Ridgeia piscesae (vestimentifera) community (Assemblage V-LF). Biomass (dry weight without vestimentiferan tubes) of the different sampled assemblages ranged from 0.011 kg m-2 for Assemblage I to 4.68 kg m-2 for Assemblage V-LF and 2.33 kg m-2 for the rarer high-flow Ridgeia pjscesae community (V-HF). Resulting quantitative information was used to refine a previous model of community succession. Comparisons with other manne ecosystems showed that the biomass of these and other hydrothermal assemblages dominated by symbiont-bearing organisms (vestimentifera, bivalvia) is sirnilar to those found in the most productive photosynthetically based assemblages. Tubeworm growth and sulfide accretion greatly increase total surface area available to vent organisms, and may attenuate competition for space. The 3-dimensional habitat formed by Ridgeia piscesae tubes may influence species distribution and enhance species nchness. The tube worm assemblages comprise the major and probably the most stable component of total edifice biomass. At one site, over a 4 yr period, there was substantial environmental change and major shifts in coverage by other assemblages but relatively little change in total coverage by R. piscesae. As a result total edifice biomass (219 to 251 kg dry weight) varied by only 16 % over 1 to 3 yr intervals. Considerable quantitative ecological information can be derived from analyses of submersible-collected imagery, with sampling serving pnmanly as a ground truthing tool. Limitations of sampling and surface area determinations are considered.

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“…Patchy and ephemeral deep-sea hydrothermal vents and coldwater seeps are separated from each other by various distances, for example, vent sectors are usually separated by a few hundred kilometers and within a vent sector, vent fields including sites which undergo the same temporal variations are separated by hundreds of meters to a few kilometers [14]. It is likely for the organisms of chemosynthesis-based communities to be genetically isolated in these discontinuous habitats; however, in Japanese waters, identical Bathymodiolus species are distributed in the Sagami Bay and the Okinawa Trough, which are approximately 1500 km away from each other [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersal and Differentiation of Deep-Sea Mussels of the GenusBathymodiolus(Mytilidae, Bathymodiolinae)

Kyuno

Shintaku

Fujita

et al. 2009

Journal of Marine Biology

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We sequenced the mitochondrial ND4 gene to elucidate the evolutionary processes of Bathymodiolus mussels and mytilid relatives. Mussels of the subfamily Bathymodiolinae from vents and seeps belonged to 3 groups and mytilid relatives from sunken wood and whale carcasses assumed the outgroup positions to bathymodioline mussels. Shallow water mytilid mussels were positioned more distantly relative to the vent/seep mussels, indicating an evolutionary transition from shallow to deep sea via sunken wood and whale carcasses. Bathymodiolus platifrons is distributed in the seeps and vents, which are approximately 1500 km away. There was no significant genetic differentiation between the populations. There existed high gene flow between B. septemdierum and B. brevior and low but not negligible gene flow between B. marisindicus and B. septemdierum or B. brevior, although their habitats are 5000-10 000 km away. These indicate a high adaptability to the abyssal environments and a high dispersal ability of Bathymodiolus mussels.

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Specific and genetic diversity at deep-sea hydrothermal vents: an overview

Cited by 70 publications

References 87 publications

Larvae from afar colonize deep-sea hydrothermal vents after a catastrophic eruption

Larvae from afar colonize deep-sea hydrothermal vents after a catastrophic eruption

Biological characteristics of a hydrothermal edifice mosaic community

Dispersal and Differentiation of Deep-Sea Mussels of the GenusBathymodiolus(Mytilidae, Bathymodiolinae)

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