2011
DOI: 10.1159/000332752
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Specific and Nonspecific Host Adaptation during Arboviral Experimental Evolution

Abstract: During the past decade or so, there has been a substantial body of work to dissect arboviral evolution and to develop models of adaptation during host switching. Regardless of what species serve as host or vectors, and of the geographic distribution and the mechanisms of replication, arboviruses tend to have slow evolutionary rates in nature. The hypothesis that this is the result of replication in the disparate environments provided by host and vector did not receive solid experimental support in any of the m… Show more

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Cited by 27 publications
(23 citation statements)
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References 167 publications
(118 reference statements)
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“…Many animal species are host reservoirs (host of an infection in which the infectious agent multiplies and develops and on which the agent is dependent for survival in nature) of arboviruses (57,58); humans, with few exceptions (DENV, CHIKV, or YFV) are dead-end or accidental hosts (hosts from which infectious agents are not transmitted to other susceptible hosts) (59). Arboviruses such as DENV have adapted completely to humans and can be maintained in large tropical urban centers in a mosquito-human-mosquito transmission cycle that does not depend on nonhuman reservoirs (57).…”
Section: Hosts/reservoirsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Many animal species are host reservoirs (host of an infection in which the infectious agent multiplies and develops and on which the agent is dependent for survival in nature) of arboviruses (57,58); humans, with few exceptions (DENV, CHIKV, or YFV) are dead-end or accidental hosts (hosts from which infectious agents are not transmitted to other susceptible hosts) (59). Arboviruses such as DENV have adapted completely to humans and can be maintained in large tropical urban centers in a mosquito-human-mosquito transmission cycle that does not depend on nonhuman reservoirs (57).…”
Section: Hosts/reservoirsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…next generation sequencing, metagenomics), reverse genetics of the prototype vesiculoviruses (Schnell et al, 1994; Whelan et al, 1995) allowed exploration of rhabdovirus plasticity and evolution at the genetic level, as well as an understanding of the factors influencing gene expression and molecular and cellular basis of pathogenesis, and their use as vaccine delivery vehicles (reviewed in: Whitt et al, 2016). The error-prone nature of their RNA-dependent RNA polymerase results in the generation of a rich diversity of genetic variants following each replication cycle, which are subject to adaptation due to selective pressures under different conditions, such as alternative hosts (vector vs vertebrate) during the course of their natural transmission (Novella et al, 2010; Novella et al, 2011; Wasik et al, 2016). Similarly recombinant RABVs with targeted mutations in P gene demonstrated its critical role in suppression of interferon signaling through blocking the interaction of the transcription factor IRF-3 (interferon regulatory factor 3) with two cell-expressed protein kinases (Brzozka et al, 2005), ultimately altering pathogenesis in vivo (Rieder et al, 2011).…”
Section: ‘Classical’ Vertebrate Rhabdovirusesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In addition, Eilat virus can replicate only in insects [ 3 ]. Alphaviruses and their genetic variants have a very broad geographical distribution, indicating an ancient origin and evolution [ 4 , 5 ]. Alphaviruses can be subdivided into two groups according to their geographical origin—Old World viruses and New World viruses.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%