Specific anosmia to 1-pyrroline: The spermous primary odor

Amoore, John E.; Forrester, L. Janet; Buttery, Ron G.

doi:10.1007/bf00988831

Cited by 56 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Components of garlic, or spices other than pepper, or typical yeast fermentation products (phenylethanol, esters) were not detected, nor was I-pyrroline, suspected to be a salami constituent by Amoore et al (1975). In spite of the presence of citric acid and a lactic acid starter culture, and in contrast to earlier findings neither diacetyl nor related compounds were detected.…”

Section: Results and Discussion Gc/ms Analysescontrasting

confidence: 80%

Isolation and Identification of Dry Salami Volatiles

Berger

Macku

German

et al. 1990

Journal of Food Science

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The volatile constituents of air-dried, mold-fermented salami sausage were isolated from meat and casing using a dynamic headspace/continuous solvent extraction method. Apolar and polar fractions of the aroma concentrates, and a methylated acidic ether extract of the defatted meat were analyzed by high resolution gas chromatography and coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Most volatiles identified were derived from lipid degradation, from pepper (added as a spice), and from the degradation of pepper terpenes and phenolics. Neither typical intermediates of fatty acid autoxidation nor N-containing volatiles were among the 68 identified compounds. The contribution of lipid precursors was essential to overall flavor as were the microbial activities.

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Section: Results and Discussion Gc/ms Analysescontrasting

confidence: 80%

Isolation and Identification of Dry Salami Volatiles

Berger

Macku

German

et al. 1990

Journal of Food Science

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“…Experimenters interested in reasonably exact specification of a threshold have characteristically studied relatively large groups of participants, often over 100, very briefly. In such studies, threshold usually varies over a range of a few hundred or even a thousand to one (Amoore, 1977;Amoore, Forrester, & Buttery, 1975;Amoore, Pelosi, & Forrester, 1977;Jones, 1957). The present range, under 20 to 1, therefore falls well below most published values.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of measured olfactory sensitivity

Rabin

Cain

1986

Perception & Psychophysics

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Ten participants sought to detect four odorants: benzaldehyde, pyridine, and two alcohols, n-butyl and n-amyl alcohol, that smelled similar to each other. These were presented repeatedly on 3 successive days. The sequence of testing during a session made it possible to determine whether experience with one odorant would specifically facilitate the detectability of a similar-smelling odorant and whether any such facilitation would restrict itself to the nostril through which the experience was gained. Neither of these possibilities occurred. Instead, measured sensitivity increased rather uniformly both within and across days. Net gain from beginning to end exceeded an order of magnitude. Averaging across sessions gave a picture of smaller than usual individual differences, under 20 to 1, attributable mainly to general rather than odorant-specific differences in sensitivity. The results indicate that thresholds gathered in customary brief testing will underestimate olfactory sensitivity and overestimate individual differences. Incorporation of a reference odorant into threshold experiments should increase comparability among studies.Olfactory sensitivity as typically measured in the laboratory varies markedly from one person to another (Punter, 1983). Based on his own extensive data, Amoore (1980) developed the rule of thumb that about 96% of the population falls between lA6 and 16 times the mean threshold for an odorant, that is, within a 256-fold range.Does such high variation reflect only individual differences in absolute sensitivity? Substantial extraneous variation could occur from poor stimulus control, unsophisticated psychophysical methodology, or collection of insufficient data. Studies of olfactory threshold have often relied, for instance, on a single brief determination of threshold per participant. Even with more thorough measurements, however, reliability has received scant attention. Hence, we know little about whether variability between people commonly exceeds variability within a person tested at different times.Observers may differ in sensitivity in two ways: (1) One' observer may prove more sensitive than another to virtually all odorants. This situation could reflect the operation of some general factor, including something as simple as how many molecules can gain access to the receptors within the nasal cavity. (2) An observer may prove more sensitive than average to some odors and less sensitive to others. If observers show idiosyncratic yet stable disparities, then the possible explanations could prove numerous.The present study addressed the issue of individual variation and reliability, using standard threshold methodology to gather observations on four odorants for the same individuals both within a day and across days. The testing thereby allowed a glimpse of whether participants would show systematic changes both over time and across odorants. The sequence of testing within a day was designed to permit conclusions about the possible mechanism and specificity of any gains in performanc...

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“…The saturated heterocyclic amine pyrrolidine, with a characteristic “spermous” odor39 is a ligand for both the AgIR41a and AgIR41c complexes eliciting robust responses, albeit with differing potencies. This apparent redundancy in sensitivity suggests that either that pyrrolidine may be combinatorially encoded in vivo or that structurally related compound(s) elicit more potent responses in one or both complexes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variant Ionotropic Receptors in the Malaria Vector Mosquito Anopheles gambiae Tuned to Amines and Carboxylic Acids

Pitts

Derryberry

Zhang

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

119

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The principal Afrotropical human malaria vector mosquito, Anopheles gambiae, remains a significant threat to global health. A critical component in the transmission of malaria is the ability of An. gambiae females to detect and respond to human-derived chemical kairomones in their search for blood meal hosts. The basis for host odor responses resides in olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) that express chemoreceptors encoded by large gene families, including the odorant receptors (ORs) and the variant ionotropic receptors (IRs). While ORs have been the focus of extensive investigation, functional IR complexes and the chemical compounds that activate them have not been identified in An. gambiae. Here we report the transcriptional profiles and functional characterization of three An. gambiae IR (AgIr) complexes that specifically respond to amines or carboxylic acids - two classes of semiochemicals that have been implicated in mediating host-seeking by adult females but are not known to activate An. gambiae ORs (AgOrs). Our results suggest that AgIrs play critical roles in the detection and behavioral responses to important classes of host odors that are underrepresented in the AgOr chemical space.

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Specific anosmia to 1-pyrroline: The spermous primary odor

Cited by 56 publications

References 13 publications

Isolation and Identification of Dry Salami Volatiles

Isolation and Identification of Dry Salami Volatiles

Determinants of measured olfactory sensitivity

Variant Ionotropic Receptors in the Malaria Vector Mosquito Anopheles gambiae Tuned to Amines and Carboxylic Acids

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