Specific bacterial cell wall components influence the stability of Coxsackievirus B3

Abstract

Enteric viruses infect the mammalian gastrointestinal tract and lead to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Data indicate that enteric viruses can utilize intestinal bacteria to promote viral replication and pathogenesis. However, the precise interactions between enteric viruses and bacteria are unknown. Here we examined the interaction between bacteria and Coxsackievirus B3, an enteric virus from the picornavirus family. We found that bacteria enhance the infectivity of Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) in vitro. Notably, specific bacteria are required as gram-negative Salmonella enterica, but not Escherichia coli, enhanced CVB3 infectivity and stability. Investigating the cell wall components of both S. enterica and E. coli revealed that structures in the O-antigen or core of lipopolysaccharide, a major component of the gram-negative bacterial cell wall, were required for S. enterica to enhance CVB3. To determine if these requirements were necessary for similar enteric viruses, we investigated if S. enterica and E. coli enhanced infectivity of poliovirus, another enteric virus in the picornavirus family. We found that, in contrast to CVB3, these bacteria enhanced the infectivity of poliovirus in vitro. Overall, these data indicate that distinct bacteria enhance CVB3 infectivity and stability, and specific enteric viruses may have differing requirements for their interactions with specific bacterial species.

Testosterone promotes intestinal replication and dissemination of Coxsackievirus B3 in an oral inoculation mouse model

“…Recent data show intestinal bacteria can influence the intestinal replication of enteric viruses, including CVB3 (59-61). Our lab recently demonstrated that specific intestinal bacteria in male mice promote CVB3 infectivity and viral stability (62). While the mechanism is unclear for CVB3, a similar enterovirus, poliovirus, has been found to use bacteria to enhance attachment to the poliovirus receptor (63).…”

Testosterone Promotes the Intestinal Replication and Dissemination of Coxsackievirus B3 in an Oral Inoculation Mouse Model

“…Recent data also show that intestinal bacteria can influence the intestinal replication of enteric viruses, including CVB3 (48)(49)(50). We have recently demonstrated that specific intestinal bacteria in male mice play a role in promoting CVB3 infectivity and viral stability (51). While the mechanism is unclear for CVB3, a similar enterovirus, poliovirus, has been found to use bacteria to enhance attachment to the poliovirus receptor (49,52).…”