We examined the participation of the intraluteal levels of progesterone (P 4 ) and prostaglandin F 2 (PGF 2 ) in the induction of luteolysis by LH and its relationship with the induction of the 20 -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity (20 -HSD). Subcutaneous administration of four doses of 10 µg ovine LH (oLH) at 0800, 0900, 1000 and 1100 h on day 19 of pregnancy induced a decrease in the activity of the enzyme 3 -HSD 24 and 48 h after treatment and an increase in luteal 20 -HSD activity 48 h after oLH treatment when compared with control rats. Intraluteal and serum P 4 levels were lower than control values 24 and 48 h after oLH treatment, with a significant increase in luteal PGF 2 content and a decrease in corpus luteum (CL) weight 48 h after oLH treatment. Intrabursal ovarian (IB) treatment with an inhibitor of PG's biosynthesis (diclofenac) (70 µg/ovary) or P 4 (3 µg/ovary) on day 20 of pregnancy, prevented the increase in 20 -HSD activity observed 48 h after oLH treatment, without any effect on 3 -HSD activity. The IB administration of P 4 prevented the increase in intraluteal PGF 2 content induced by oLH treatment and the increases in 20 -HSD activity and intraluteal PGF 2 content observed in control animals on day 21 of pregnancy. The inhibition of PG biosynthesis also prevents the decrease in intraluteal and serum P 4 level induced by oLH. These results provide good evidence of the important participation of intraluteal P 4 and PGF 2 on the oLH-induced luteolysis in pregnant rats. We also found that P 4 produced by the CL is involved, in part, in the regulation of luteal PG synthesis. Thus, the early decline in 3 -HSD activity and the consequent fall in intraluteal P 4 content, may trigger the synthesis of PGs and thereafter the increase in luteal 20 -HSD activity to establish luteolysis.