Specific Brain Regions of Female Rats Are Differentially Depleted of Docosahexaenoic Acid by Reproductive Activity and an (n-3) Fatty Acid-Deficient Diet ,2

Levant, Beth; Ozias, Marlies K.; Carlson, Susan E.

doi:10.1093/jn/137.1.130

Cited by 60 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The cortical, cerebellar, hippocampal, and remainder of brain total phospholipid and phospholipid fraction esterified fatty acid as well as cholesterol concentrations from wild-type mice in this study are consistent with other reports [22,23,53,56] and slight discrepancies may be due to differences in diet and brain region analysis [1,57]. Although the majority of fatty acids were not statistically different, small decreases in monounsaturated fatty acids were detected in total phospholipids and the major phospholipid classes of CD36 -/-mice.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Genetic Ablation of CD36 Does not Alter Mouse Brain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Concentrations

Song

Elbert

Rahman

et al. 2010

Lipids

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In the brain, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are required for regulating membrane fluidity, neuronal survival and signal transduction. Since the brain cannot synthesize n-6 and n-3 PUFA de novo, they must be supplied from the blood. However, the methods of PUFA entry into the brain are not agreed upon. This study tested the necessity of CD36, a candidate transporter of unesterified fatty acids, for maintaining brain PUFA concentrations by comparing brain PUFA concentrations in CD36(-/-) mice to their wild-type littermates. Because CD36(-/-) mice have been reported to have impaired learning ability, the PUFA concentrations in different brain regions (cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum and the remainder of brain) were investigated. At 9 weeks of age, the brain was separated into the four regions and fatty acid concentrations in total and phospholipid classes of these brain regions were analyzed using thin layer and gas chromatography. There were no statistical differences in arachidonic acid or DHA concentrations in the different brain regions between wild-type and CD36(-/-) mice, in total or phospholipid fractions. Concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids were decreased in several phospholipid fractions in CD36(-/-) mice. These findings suggest that CD36 is not necessary for maintaining brain PUFA concentrations and that other mechanisms must exist.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Genetic Ablation of CD36 Does not Alter Mouse Brain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Concentrations

Song

Elbert

Rahman

et al. 2010

Lipids

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“…The cortex and brain stem phospholipid esterified fatty acid concentrations from wild-type mice in this study are similar to literature values (45,51), and slight discrepancies are likely attributable to differences in diet and brain region analyses (1,52). 20:4n-6 from the plasma unesterified pool is rapidly esterified to ChoGpl and PtdIns (51,53), whereas 22:6n-3 is rapidly esterified to EtnGpl and ChoGpl (54,55).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

The low density lipoprotein receptor is not necessary for maintaining mouse brain polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations

Chen

W.L.

Kim

et al. 2008

Journal of Lipid Research

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The brain cannot synthesize n-6 or n-3 PUFAs de novo and requires their transport from the blood. Two models of brain fatty acid uptake have been proposed. One requires the passive diffusion of unesterified fatty acids through endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier, and the other requires the uptake of lipoproteins via a lipoprotein receptor on the luminal membrane of endothelial cells. This study tested whether the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) is necessary for maintaining brain PUFA concentrations. Because the cortex has a low basal expression of LDLr and the anterior brain stem has a relatively high expression, we analyzed these regions separately. LDLr knockout (LDLr 2/2 ) and wild-type mice consumed an AIN-93G diet ad libitum until 7 weeks of age. After microwaving, the cortex and anterior brain stem (pons and medulla) were isolated for phospholipid fatty acid analyses. There were no differences in phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, ethanolamine, or choline glycerophospholipid esterified PUFA or saturated or monounsaturated fatty acid concentrations in the cortex or brain stem between LDLr 2/2 and wild-type mice. These findings demonstrate that the LDLr is not necessary for maintaining brain PUFA concentrations and suggest that other mechanisms to transport PUFAs into the brain must

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“…Therefore, it must be obtained through the diet. Studies in animals clearly show that oral intake of DHA can alter brain DHA concentrations and thereby modify brain functions (Galli et al 1971;Bourre et al 1993;Pawlosky et al 2001;Murthy et al 2002;Levant et al 2007). This provides us with an opportunity to use DHA as a nutraceutical or pharmaceutical tool in PD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Docosahexaenoic Acid on Visual Evoked Potentials in a Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease: The Role of Cyclooxygenase-2 and Nuclear Factor Kappa-B

et al. 2011

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This study aimed to investigate the effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on visual evoked potentials (VEPs) in a mice model of Parkinson's disease (PD). Mice model was created by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and DHA was given by gavage. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), caspase-3 activities, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels were determined in substantia nigra (SN) and retina. Cyclooxygenase-2 intensities were also determined immunohistochemically. The tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunolabelling was significantly decreased in MPTP group compared to control. Docosahexaenoic acid decreased dopaminergic neuron death in MPTP + DHA group when compared to MPTP group. Mice treated with MPTP showed motor deficits as compared to control. Significant improvement was observed in MPTP + DHA group when compared to MPTP group. Treatment with MPTP significantly increased the activity of COX-2 and total COX in SN when compared to the control group. Docosahexaenoic acid caused a significant decrease in total COX and COX-2 activity in SN of mice given MPTP. Cyclooxygenase-2 showed strong immunostaining in MPTP group when compared to other groups in SN. Levels of PGE2 increased in MPTP group when compared to control in SN. Docosahexaenoic acid treatment in MPTP group reduced PGE2 in SN. Nuclear factor kappa-B levels were found to be decreased in SN of MPTP group. The mean latencies of P1, N1, P2, N2, P3, N3, P4, N4, and P5 VEP components were significantly prolonged in MPTP group when compared to control. In MPTP + DHA group, the mean latencies of all components except P5 returned to control values. Current data shows that DHA treatment improves prolonged VEPs latencies and locomotor activity.

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Specific Brain Regions of Female Rats Are Differentially Depleted of Docosahexaenoic Acid by Reproductive Activity and an (n-3) Fatty Acid-Deficient Diet ,2

Cited by 60 publications

References 24 publications

Genetic Ablation of CD36 Does not Alter Mouse Brain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Concentrations

Genetic Ablation of CD36 Does not Alter Mouse Brain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Concentrations

The low density lipoprotein receptor is not necessary for maintaining mouse brain polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations

The Effect of Docosahexaenoic Acid on Visual Evoked Potentials in a Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease: The Role of Cyclooxygenase-2 and Nuclear Factor Kappa-B

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