Specific characteristics of the apple fruit cuticle: Investigation of early and late season cultivars ‘Prima’ and ‘Florina’ ( Malus domestica Borkh.)

Leide, Jana; Souza, Aline Xavier de; Papp, I.; Riederer, Markus

doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2017.10.042

Cited by 35 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…The n-alkanes and pentacyclic triterpenoids being the major wax components in pitaya fruit cuticle, which were similar to the wax mixtures of tomato fruit cuticle [12], sweet cherry [11], as well as similar to the leaf waxes of most previously studied plant species [13,16,21]. However, this differed from fruit cuticular waxes of many other plant species [13,14].…”

Section: Composition Of Cuticular Waxes Of Pitaya Fruitmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…Agriculture 2019, 9, x FOR PEER REVIEW 6 of 11 species [13,16,21]. However, this differed from fruit cuticular waxes of many other plant species [13,14]. Simultaneously, a ratio of 0.3 for the accumulated amount of triterpenoids versus cutin monomers, and a ratio of 0.6 for total wax versus total cutin monomers, were found (Table 1).…”

Section: Composition Of Cuticular Waxes Of Pitaya Fruitmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The predominant 9/10,ω-dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid was also detected in other fruits such as Prunus avium L. [11], Solanum lycopersicum L. [12], Olea europaea L. [13], and Malus domestica Borkh. [14]. In contrast, the 9,10-epoxy-ω-18-hydroxy-octadecanoic acid detected as the second most abundant monomers in pitaya fruit cuticle (14.0% of total cutin) are commonly found in the leaf cutin matrix of examples such as Olea europaea L., Rhazya stricta and Agave Americana etc., but was scarcely detected in fruit cuticle of olive and apple [9,12,13,15,16].…”

Section: Composition Of Cutin Of Pitaya Fruitmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Chemical Composition of the Cuticle Membrane of Pitaya Fruits (Hylocereus Polyrhizus)

Huang

Jiang

2019

Agriculture

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This study comprehensively analysed the chemical composition of the cuticle in pitaya fruits. The total coverage amount of the waxes versus cutin monomers accumulated at a ratio of 0.6, corresponding to masses per unit of 30.3 μg·cm−2 and 50.8 μg·cm−2, respectively. The predominant wax mixtures were n-alkanes in homologous series of C20–C35, dominated by C31 and C33; as well as triterpenoids with an abundant amount of uvaol, lupenon, β-amyrinon, and β-amyrin. The most prominent cutin compounds were C16- and C18-type monomers, in which 9(10),16-diOH-hexadecanoic acid and 9,10-epoxy-ω-OH-octadecanoic acid predominated, respectively. The average chain length (ACL) of aliphates in pitaya fruit cuticle (30.5) was similar to that estimated in leaf waxes, and higher than that in most of the fruit and petal waxes that have been reported. We propose that the relatively high ACL and wax/cutin ratio might enhance the cuticular barrier properties in pitaya fruit cuticle to withstand drought.

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Section: Composition Of Cuticular Waxes Of Pitaya Fruitmentioning

confidence: 50%

Section: Composition Of Cuticular Waxes Of Pitaya Fruitmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Composition Of Cutin Of Pitaya Fruitmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Chemical Composition of the Cuticle Membrane of Pitaya Fruits (Hylocereus Polyrhizus)

Huang

Jiang

2019

Agriculture

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“…The difference in matrix effect values in undiluted Granny Smith peel and flesh extracts, and even more the inversion might be explained by means of apple waxes and their much higher amount in the apple peel than in the apple flesh. Apple fruits possess a cuticle with the mixture of C16-C18 chained compounds mainly composed of saturated and unsaturated dihydroxy hexadecenoic, trihydroxy and epoxy hydroxy octadecanoic acids and a triterpenoid-rich cuticular wax mixture [12]. In one study, a significant relationship between triterpenic acids (oleanolic and ursolic acids) was recognized, found in much higher concentrations in the apple peel than in the flesh, and a negative matrix effect in GC/ MS 2 [13].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The apple-matrix effect on GC/MS response of cyprodinil, pyrimethanil and trifloxystrobin standards

Brankovic¹,

Anđelković²,

Kocić³

et al. 2018

Adv Techol

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Gas or liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry is among the most reliable analytical techniques used in pesticide residue analysis. The existing problem in pesticide analysis in complex matrices such as fruit is the variation in analyte chromatographic response caused by matrix components, which is called the matrix effect. These effects can be evaluated quantitatively by comparing the response of equal analyte concentrations in a solvent and in the post extraction fortified sample extract. The response of the 5 µg mL-1 solution of fungicides pyrimethanil, cyprodinil, from the class of anilinopyrimidines and trifloxystrobin from the class of strobilurins, commonly used in the protection of apple crops, was evaluated in pure hexane and in different concentrations of peel and flesh hexane extracts of Granny Smith apple variety. The response of trifloxystrobin was not significantly changed in either of two matrices, while a significantly more different response of pyrimethanil and cyprodinil was observed in both peel and flesh extracts than in the pure solvent. In the undiluted flesh extract, the matrix effect reached 154% and 76% for pyrimethanil and cyprodinil, respectively. In the undiluted peel extract, the values were-49% for pyrimethanil and-30.2% for cyprodinil. The response variation of these pesticides remained high, even after the matrix dilution. The final matrix dilution resulted in about 2-times lower response variation for both pesticides in flesh extract-based standards, while in peel extract-based standards the manifestation of inversion was observed.

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“…These compounds are high-molecular-weight molecules, expected to dissolve in organic solvents and thus to pose interference problems for the analytes. An integral part of apple peel is the cuticle, which mainly contains C 16 -C 18 chain compounds, composed of saturated and unsaturated dihydroxy hexadecenoic, trihydroxy and epoxy hydroxy octadecanoic acids and a triterpenoid-rich cuticular wax mixture (Leide, de Souza, Papp, & Riederer, 2018). One study reveals a significant relationship between triterpenic acids, principally found in apple peel, and a negative matrix effect in GC/MS 2 (Giacinti, Raynaud, Capblancq, & Simon, 2016).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sorbent‐excluding sample preparation method for GC–MS pesticide analysis in apple peel

Anđelković

Branković

Kocić

et al. 2019

Biomedical Chromatography

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Apple peel is frequently exposed to pesticides, especially in the last stages of the pesticide treatment practice. For a certain period, peel retains most of the applied pesticides, which precisely indicates the presence of pesticide residues. This study was conducted to establish and evaluate the method for the residue analysis of pyrimethanil, cyprodinil, trifloxystrobin, bifenthrin and boscalid by GC–MS in peel of Granny Smith, Golden Delicious and Idared varieties. The method consisted of few steps, without the routine usage of sorbents, and resulted in efficient removal of waxes, targeted as main interferences in GC–MS analysis. The matrix effect, boscalid selectivity issue, trend of lower trueness for bifenthrin in all matrices and for all analytes in Granny Smith matrix were in some way associated with the waxes. Finally, the method was applied to the analysis of three varieties of apple orchard samples, after 9 and 5 months of treatment with commercial formulations that contain pyrimethanil, cyprodinil and boscalid as active ingredients. Since the developed method consisted of few steps and used nontoxic and economic reagents, it could be implemented as a fast, economic and reliable screening method.

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Specific characteristics of the apple fruit cuticle: Investigation of early and late season cultivars ‘Prima’ and ‘Florina’ ( Malus domestica Borkh.)

Cited by 35 publications

References 76 publications

Chemical Composition of the Cuticle Membrane of Pitaya Fruits (Hylocereus Polyrhizus)

Chemical Composition of the Cuticle Membrane of Pitaya Fruits (Hylocereus Polyrhizus)

The apple-matrix effect on GC/MS response of cyprodinil, pyrimethanil and trifloxystrobin standards

Sorbent‐excluding sample preparation method for GC–MS pesticide analysis in apple peel

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