Specific circulating phospholipids, acylcarnitines, amino acids and biogenic amines are aerobic exercise markers

Felder, Thomas K.; Ring-Dimitriou, Susanne; Auer, Simon; Soyal, Selma M.; Kedenko, Ludmilla; Rinnerthaler, Mark; Cadamuro, Janne; Haschke-Becher, Elisabeth; Aigner, Elmar; Paulweber, Bernhard; Patsch, Wolfgang

doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2016.11.011

Cited by 32 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Plasma hexose was higher in the TP group after the race (T3), potentially indicating an optimized gluconeogenesis in trained athletes. These findings corroborate prior studies indicating a reduction in glycogenic amino acids immediately after prolonged exercise [10,27].…”

Section: Amino Acids Arginine Metabolism-and Urea Cycle Related-metasupporting

confidence: 92%

Metabolite Shifts Induced by Marathon Race Competition Differ between Athletes Based on Level of Fitness and Performance: A Substudy of the Enzy-MagIC Study

et al. 2020

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This study compared metabolite shifts induced by training for, participation in, and recovery from a marathon race competition among athletes divided into three groups based on fitness (relative maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max)) and performance levels (net running time). Plasma samples from 76 male runners participating in the Munich Marathon were analyzed for metabolite shifts using a targeted metabolomics panel. For the entire cohort of runners, pronounced increases were measured immediately after the race for plasma concentrations of acylcarnitines (AC), the ratio (palmitoylcarnitine + stearoylcarnitine)/free carnitine that is used as a proxy for the activity of the mitochondrial enzyme carnitine palmitoyltransferase, and arginine-related metabolites, with decreases in most amino acids (AA) and phospholipids. Plasma levels of AA and phospholipids were strongly increased 24 and 72 h post-race. Post-race plasma concentrations of AC and arginine-related metabolites were higher in the low compared to top performers, indicating an accumulation of fatty acids and a reliance on protein catabolism to provide energy after the marathon event. This study showed that marathon race competition is associated with an extensive and prolonged perturbation in plasma metabolite concentrations with a strong AC signature that is greater in the slower, less aerobically fit runners. Furthermore, changes in the arginine-related metabolites were observed.

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Section: Amino Acids Arginine Metabolism-and Urea Cycle Related-metasupporting

confidence: 92%

Metabolite Shifts Induced by Marathon Race Competition Differ between Athletes Based on Level of Fitness and Performance: A Substudy of the Enzy-MagIC Study

et al. 2020

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“…Elevated urine sarcosine levels were also associated with incident type 2 diabetes (Svingen et al., 2016), while low levels of sarcosine in blood have been linked with advanced arteriosclerosis (Hasokawa et al, 2012) and several neurological disorders, including neuropathic pain (Barthel et al, 2014), cerebral ischemia (Pinto et al, 2014), seizure (Socała et al, 2010), and Parkinson disease (Tsai et al, 2014). More recently, serum sarcosine was shown to be increased by a 10-week aerobic exercise training program in previously untrained male subjects (Felder et al, 2017). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcosine Is Uniquely Modulated by Aging and Dietary Restriction in Rodents and Humans

et al. 2018

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SUMMARY A hallmark of aging is a decline in metabolic homeostasis, which is attenuated by dietary restriction (DR). However, the interaction of aging and DR with the metabolome is not well understood. We report that DR is a stronger modulator of the rat metabolome than age in plasma and tissues. A comparative metabolomic screen in rodents and humans identified circulating sarcosine as being similarly reduced with aging and increased by DR, while sarcosine is also elevated in long-lived Ames dwarf mice. Pathway analysis in aged sarcosine-replete rats identify this biogenic amine as an integral node in the metabolome network. Finally, we show that sarcosine can activate autophagy in cultured cells and enhances autophagic flux in vivo, suggesting a potential role in autophagy induction by DR. Thus, these data identify circulating sarcosine as a biomarker of aging and DR in mammalians and may contribute to age-related alterations in the metabolome and in proteostasis.

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“…This also seems to be a metabolic rather than a genetic effect since obese twins exhibit lower serum plasmalogens than their non-obese healthy siblings [ 51 ]. Conversely aerobic training and a healthy dietary intervention lead to increased serum plasmalogen levels [ 55 , 56 ]. Likewise plasmalogen supplementation was able to attenuate atherosclerosis in a mouse model [ 57 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine plasmalogens in lipid loaded human macrophages

Wallner¹,

Orsó²,

Grandl³

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundPlasmalogens are either phosphatidylcholine (PC P) or phosphatidylethanolamine (PE P) glycerophospholipids containing a vinyl ether moiety in sn-1-position and an esterified fatty acid in sn-2 position. Multiple functions have been proposed, including reservoir of precursors for inflammatory mediators, modulation of membrane fluidity, and anti-oxidative properties. They could therefore play a role under conditions of metabolic stress. Especially enzymatically modified LDL (eLDL) and oxidatively modified LDL (oxLDL) represent modifications of LDL that are taken up by macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques. The aim of this study was to analyze plasmalogen related effects of eLDL and oxLDL in human monocyte derived macrophages, as well as the effects of HDL3 mediated deloading.MethodsElutriated monocytes from nine healthy donors were differentiated in vitro for four days. Macrophages were then loaded with native LDL, eLDL and oxLDL for 24h and subsequently deloaded with HDL3 for another 24h. Lipidomic and transcriptomic profiles were obtained.ResultsLoading of macrophages with eLDL and oxLDL led to a transient but strong elevation of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) most likely through direct uptake. Only eLDL induced increased levels of total PC, presumably through an induction of PC synthesis. On the other hand treatment with oxLDL led to a significant increase in PC P. Analysis of individual lipid species showed lipoprotein and saturation specific effects for LPC, PC P and PE P species. Membrane fluidity was decreased by the large amount of FC contained in the lipoproteins, as indicated by a lower PC to FC ratio after lipoprotein loading. In contrast the observed changes in the saturated to mono-unsaturated fatty acid (SFA to MUFA) and saturated to poly-unsaturated fatty acid (SFA to PUFA) ratios in PE P could represent a cellular reaction to counteract this effect by producing more fluid membranes. Transcriptomic analysis showed considerable differences between eLDL and oxLDL treated macrophages. As a common feature of both lipoproteins we detected a strong downregulation of pathways for endogenous lipid synthesis as well as for exogenous lipid uptake. Deloading with HDL3 had only minor effects on total lipid class as well as on individual lipid species levels, most of the time not reaching significance. Interestingly treatment with HDL3 had no effect on membrane fluidity under these conditions, although incubation with HDL3 was partially able to counteract the oxLDL induced transcriptomic effects. To investigate the functional effect of lipoprotein treatment on macrophage polarization we performed surface marker flow cytometry. Under our experimental conditions oxLDL was able to partially shift the surface marker pattern towards a pro-inflammatory M1-like phenotype. This is consistent with the consumption of arachidonic acid containing PE P species in oxLDL treated cells, presumably for the synthesis of inflammatory mediators.SummaryOur findings provide novel data on the lipoprotein induced, lipidomic an...

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Specific circulating phospholipids, acylcarnitines, amino acids and biogenic amines are aerobic exercise markers

Cited by 32 publications

References 29 publications

Metabolite Shifts Induced by Marathon Race Competition Differ between Athletes Based on Level of Fitness and Performance: A Substudy of the Enzy-MagIC Study

Metabolite Shifts Induced by Marathon Race Competition Differ between Athletes Based on Level of Fitness and Performance: A Substudy of the Enzy-MagIC Study

Sarcosine Is Uniquely Modulated by Aging and Dietary Restriction in Rodents and Humans

Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine plasmalogens in lipid loaded human macrophages

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