Specific colorimetric detection of Fe³⁺ ions in aqueous solution by squaraine-based chemosensor

Abstract

A squaraine based chemosensor can be applied for instant colorimetric detection (blue to green) of Fe3+ ions in aqueous solution.

Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Rhodanine-Based Azo Dyes and Their Use as Spectrophotometric Chemosensor for Fe3+ Ions

“…Rhodanine based azo dyes 4a-c were obtained with a good yield percentage (81%-89%) according to Scheme 1. All of the newly synthesized compounds 4a-c were characterized by IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, and elemental analysis. Spectroscopic data were in full agreement with the expected results.…”

“…The elemental analysis for compound 4b was in agreement with the calculated values as follow: C, 52.56; H, 3.51; N, 12.47; S, 18.75. All of the newly synthesized compounds 4a-c were characterized by IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, and elemental analysis. Spectroscopic data were in full agreement with the expected results.…”

“…However, most of the reported Fe 3+ probes have several limits such as poor selectivity to Fe 3+ and only a few probes have been applied in biological systems [10]. Several methods have been developed to detect Fe 3+ , including atomic absorption spectroscopy [11], colorimetric analysis [12,13], mass spectrometry [14], electrochemical analysis [15], and fluorescence spectroscopic analysis [16]. In the present paper, we report the synthesis of 5-naphthylazorhodanine derivatives with the potential to act as selective chemosensors for one of the following metal ions; Co 2+ , Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , Ni 2+ , and Fe 3+ using UV/vis and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques.…”

“…Supplementary Materials: The following are available online at http://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/8/1/16/s1, File S1: 1 H-NMR spectrum of 4a in DMSO-d6 at 298 K, File S2: 13 C-NMR spectrum of 4a in DMSO-d6 at 298 K, File S3: IR Spectrum of 4a, File S4: 1 H-NMR spectrum of 4b in DMSO-d6 at 298 K, File S5: 13 C-NMR spectrum of 4b in DMSO-d6 at 298 K, File S6: IR Spectrum of 4b, File S7: 1 H-NMR spectrum of 4c in DMSO-d6 at 298 K, File S8: 13 C-NMR spectrum of 4c in DMSO-d6 at 298 K, File S9: IR Spectrum of 4c, File S10: Color change of azo 4a (2.5 × 10 −5 M) upon addition of four equivalents of the metal ions, File S11: Color change of azo 4b (2.5 × 10 −5 M) upon addition of four equivalents of the metal ions, File S12: Color change of azo 4c (2.5 × 10 −5 M) upon addition of four equivalents of the metal ions, File S13: The color change ∆E(ab) between azo-metal complexes and the azo dyes (control), File S14: Molar ratio method for determination of the binding stoichiometry of azo 4c with Fe 3+ (6 equiv).…”

Furo[3,2-c]coumarin-derived Fe3+ Selective Fluorescence Sensor: Synthesis, Fluorescence Study and Application to Water Analysis

“…In previous work successful attempts have been reported for the detection of Fe 3+ 43-47 . However, in each case, selectivity is not demonstrated for some heavy metals (that exhibit properties similar to those of Fe 3+ ) which could interfere with detection 61 . For example, we note that Ru 3+ , which amongst the variety of transition metal ions, theoretically, has the greatest similarity to Fe 3+ , is not tested for potential interference.…”