Specific Features of Gender Identity Formation in Children from Single-parent and Nuclear Families in Ontogenesis

Khudyakova, Tatyana L.; Gridyaeva, Ludmila N.; Klepach, Yuliya V.

doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.10.167

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…A study in Russia found that boys from single-parent families were characterized by a much higher level of masculinity compared to their peers in nuclear families. On the other hand, girls in single-parent households exhibited only a slightly more feminine personality compared to their peers in nuclear families [15]. Still, in China, researchers found that factors such as income, educational level, and the single parent's own gender attitudes were better predictors of the formation of children's gender roles than just single parenthood alone [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Social Context of Early Adolescents in the Global Early Adolescent Study

Mmari

Cooper

Koenig

et al. 2021

Journal of Adolescent Health

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This paper used data from the Global Early Adolescent Study (GEAS) to provide a descriptive analysis of how early adolescents' social environments vary by sex across diverse cultural settings. Methods: The analyses were based on baseline data among 10e14-year old adolescents living in disadvantaged urban areas in seven sites: Kinshasa (DRC), Shanghai (China), Cuenca (Ecuador), Lampung, Semarang and Denpasar (Indonesia), and Flanders (Belgium). Except in Kinshasa where face-to face interviews were used, data were collected using self-administered surveys on mobile tablets. Social environments were measured by examining factors within five main domains, including the household and family, school, peers, neighborhoods, and the media. Site-specific descriptive analyses were performed, using Chi square tests and Student T-tests to identify sexdifferences in each site. Results: The majority of early adolescents lived in two-parent households, perceived their parents/ guardians cared and monitored them, had at least one friend, reported high educational aspirations, and perceived their neighborhoods as safe, socially cohesive, with a high level of social control. Yet, large gender and site differences were also observed. More girls reported same-sex friends and high levels of parental monitoring, while boys were more likely to have mixed-sex friends and spend greater amounts of time with friends. Adolescents in Kinshasa and Semarang watched the most TV per day, while higher proportions of adolescents in Flanders used social media on a daily basis. Significant gender differences in media use were also observed but varied according to site. Conclusions: Understanding how social contexts differ between boys and girls across sites has relevance for how we might examine gender attitude formations and subsequent health behaviors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Social Context of Early Adolescents in the Global Early Adolescent Study

Mmari

Cooper

Koenig

et al. 2021

Journal of Adolescent Health

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“…Previous studies on the impact of gender pairs in singleparent families on children's gender roles have shown different results. Boys raised by single mothers unconsciously show more feminine traits due to the lack of opportunity to witness masculine traits [41]. Studies have also found that girls raised by single mothers have more masculine traits [38], meaning that the gender roles of children are reversed.…”

Section: The In Uence Of Intergenerational Transmission Of Parental C...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sons' gender roles were more often reversed in mother-son families than daughters' gender roles. This may be because, in single-mother families, the son lacks a paternal role model and upbringing, takes on more of his mother's personality traits, unconsciously shows more femininity, and forms a reversed gender role [41]. Additionally, next to families, an individual's main point of social contact from infancy to their teens is in schools, which have more female teachers than males; in OECD countries, the proportion of female teachers increased from 61% in 2005 to 68% in 2014 [58].…”

Section: Analysis Of Intergenerational Similarity In Gender Role Type...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intergenerational Transmission of Parental Child-rearing Gender-role Attitudes and its Influence on Gender Roles in Single-parent Families

Chen¹,

Wang²,

Sun³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background The development of children’s gender roles in single-parent families is worthy of attention. It may be affected by family members’ gender roles and parental child-rearing gender-role attitudes (PCGA). PCGA will form a consistent or inconsistent intergenerational relationship between grandparents and parents.Objective This study examined the intergenerational similarities in gender roles and PCGA. Also, the intergenerational transmission of parental child-rearing gender-role attitudes (ITPCGA) in single-parent families, and the impact of various family factors on children’s gender roles were comprehensively considered.Method Participants were 550 single-parent parent-adolescent dyads. Gender-role Scale and Parental Child-rearing Gender-role Attitude Scale were used to evaluate evaluated participants’ gender-role and PCGA. Chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses were used to examine the intergenerational similarities in gender roles and PCGA, and the influencing family factors of ITPCGA and children’s gender roles.Results The intergenerational similarities of gender role types and PCGA types were existed. Both parent’s gender roles and family gender pairs affected ITPCGA, father-daughter families and parents’ undifferentiated and sex-typed gender roles significantly predicted undesirable ITPCGA. Family gender pair, parent’s gender roles and ITPCGA types affected children’s gender roles. Undesirable ITPCGA significantly predicted children’s undifferentiated gender roles; father-daughter families and mother-son families, parents’ undifferentiated and sex-typed gender roles significantly predicted children’s sex-typed gender roles, and mother-son families and parents’ reversed gender roles significantly predicted children’s reversed gender role.Conclusions This study highlights the effects of single-parent family gender pairs and parents’ gender roles on ITPCGA, which influences the development of children’s gender roles.

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“…Namun, pada orang tua tunggal adanya kekosongan salah satu peran seringkali menjadi beban ganda dalam proses pembentukan identitas gender anak. Pada orang tua tunggal dalam studi yang dilakukan oleh Khudyakova et al, (2016) tidak menempatkan proses pembentukan identitas gender yang utuh. Jika dianalogikan seorang ibu yang memiliki anak lakilaki lebih banyak menjadikan level feminimitas yang diperoleh akan lebih tinggi dibandingkan level maskulinnya.…”

Section: Retracted Proses Sosialisasi Dan Peran Kognisi Orang Tua Tunggal Dalam Pembentukan Identitas Gender Pada Anakunclassified

“…Anak yang diasuh dengan kelekatan erat dengan figur salah satu jenis kelamin orang tuanya memberikan kekosongan peran gender yang diterima oleh seorang anak. Anak-anak dari keluarga dengan orang tua tunggal merasa sangat sulit memahami pembentukan gagasan identitas gender mulai dari makna maskulinitas dan feminitas hingga peran perempuan dan laki-laki serta pola perilaku dalam masyarakat (Khudyakova et al, 2016). Anak-anak dibesarkan dalam orang tua tunggal dengan jenis kelamin yang berbeda dengan anaknya seringkali dapat dicirikan oleh keterasingan emosional dari orang tua kepada anak, dan formasi dari hubungan simbiosis satu sama lain.…”

Section: Relasi Gender Yang Dilakukan Oleh Orang Tua Tunggal Dalam Pembentukan Identitas Gender Pada Anakunclassified

[RETRACTED:] Proses Relasi Gender Pada Single Parent dalam Membentuk Identitas Gender Anak

Minandar

Komariah

Aryanti

2021

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[This article is retracted because the authors have already submitted and published it elsewhere. The authors submitted it to another journal while the article was in the editorial process of Yinyang: Jurnal Studi Islam Gender dan Anak.] [Editor-in-chief: Vivi Ariyanti] ****************************** The problem of the status of being a single parent who experiences a change in role and has a double burden in the formation of a child’s gender identity, becomes a separate difficulty for single parents. The formation of gender identity itself is an important part of recognizing the concept of gender as a boy (masculine) or female (feminine) which is influenced by biological, social and cognitive factors during the socialization process of their parents. To describe this situation, this research study focuses on examining how gender relations between children and single parents of different sexes provide an understanding of children’s gender identity using social learning theory. In this study, a qualitative approach was used based on a critical review of the literature, both theoretical and empirical. The results showed that, the process of forming a gender identity in the socialization stage was considered to be an imbalance in the social learning process of gender identity. The domination of gender norms when the socialization of gender identity formation obscures the role of one gender, so that the meaning of gender is considered biased. The results showed that in single parent families, there tends to be an imbalance in the social learning process of gender identity because of the vacuum of gender roles. The domination of gender norms during the socialization of gender identity formation can obscure the role of one gender, so that the meaning of gender is considered biased.

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Specific Features of Gender Identity Formation in Children from Single-parent and Nuclear Families in Ontogenesis

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

The Social Context of Early Adolescents in the Global Early Adolescent Study

The Social Context of Early Adolescents in the Global Early Adolescent Study

Intergenerational Transmission of Parental Child-rearing Gender-role Attitudes and its Influence on Gender Roles in Single-parent Families

[RETRACTED:] Proses Relasi Gender Pada Single Parent dalam Membentuk Identitas Gender Anak

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