Specific Plasma MicroRNA Signatures Underlying the Clinical Outcomes of Hepatitis E Virus Infection

Costafreda, María Isabel; Sauleda, Sílvia; Riveiro‐Barciela, Mar; Rico, Angie; Llorens-Revull, Meritxell; Guix, Susana; Pintó, Rosa M.; Bosch, Albert; Rodríguez‐Frías, Francisco; Rando-Segura, Ariadna; Pirón, María; Bes, Marta

doi:10.1128/spectrum.04664-22

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…They identified miR-450b as a significant indicator of mortality in acute liver failure amongst HEV-infected pregnant women[ 145 ]. Consistent with this, miRNA profiling shows that miRNAs circulating in HEV-infected patients’ plasma could indicate self-resolving acute and chronic hepatitis E, as well as acute liver failure[ 146 , 147 ].…”

Section: Viral Factors Affecting Liver Failurementioning

confidence: 69%

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Pathogenesis and clinical features of severe hepatitis E virus infection

Orosz,

Sárvári,

Dernovics

et al. 2024

World J Virol

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The hepatitis E virus (HEV), a member of the Hepeviridae family, is a small, non-enveloped icosahedral virus divided into eight distinct genotypes (HEV-1 to HEV-8). Only genotypes 1 to 4 are known to cause diseases in humans. Genotypes 1 and 2 commonly spread via fecal-oral transmission, often through the consumption of contaminated water. Genotypes 3 and 4 are known to infect pigs, deer, and wild boars, often transferring to humans through inadequately cooked meat. Acute hepatitis caused by HEV in healthy individuals is mostly asymptomatic or associated with minor symptoms, such as jaundice. However, in immunosuppressed individuals, the disease can progress to chronic hepatitis and even escalate to cirrhosis. For pregnant women, an HEV infection can cause fulminant liver failure, with a potential mortality rate of 25%. Mortality rates also rise amongst cirrhotic patients when they contract an acute HEV infection, which can even trigger acute-on-chronic liver failure if layered onto pre-existing chronic liver disease. As the prevalence of HEV infection continues to rise worldwide, highlighting the particular risks associated with severe HEV infection is of major medical interest. This text offers a brief summary of the characteristics of hepatitis developed by patient groups at an elevated risk of severe HEV infection.

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Section: Viral Factors Affecting Liver Failurementioning

confidence: 69%

“…Furthermore, miRNA signatures identified in patients’ sera could link with hepatitis E-specific immune dysfunction[ 146 , 148 ]. It is noted that miRNAs can be packed in exosomes, which HEV virion particles use for egress[ 44 ].…”

Section: Viral Factors Affecting Liver Failurementioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis and clinical features of severe hepatitis E virus infection

Orosz,

Sárvári,

Dernovics

et al. 2024

World J Virol

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“…Li et al [41] reported that the anti-cancer drug gemcitabine inhibited HEV through inducing an interferon-like response via the activation of STAT1 phosphorylation. Human liver-derived organoids [42,43] and microRNA signatures in HEV infection [44,45] could be helpful for the development of antivirals against HEV infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E Virus Infection Caused Elevation of Alanine Aminotransferase Levels in a Patient with Chronic Hepatitis B and Choledocholithiasis

Hirano,

Kanda,

Honda

et al. 2023

Reports

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotypes 3 and 4 are zoonotic strains that are primarily transmitted through the consumption of undercooked pork or game meat. They also cause asymptomatic infections, acute hepatitis, acute-on-chronic liver failure, chronic hepatitis, and extrahepatic manifestations. Here, we report a man in his 80s who had chronic hepatitis B, took entecavir for it, and presented with higher levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and jaundice. An abdominal computed tomography scan revealed choledocholithiasis with cholecystolithiasis. Although endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation was performed for the removal of a common bile duct stone, the abnormal liver function tests, including jaundice, were prolonged. After other viral hepatitis and other causes of the liver injury were ruled out, as his serum was positive for immunoglobulin A anti-HEV and HEV genotype 3b RNA, we diagnosed him as having acute hepatitis E. In this case, with chronic hepatitis B and a common bile duct stone, the prolonged abnormal results for the liver function tests seemed to be caused by HEV infection. In conclusion, in cases with high ALT levels after removing choledocholithiasis, other factors, including HEV infection, should be considered to determine the cause of abnormal liver function test results. The further examination of hepatitis D virus infection and high ALT levels may be needed in HBV-infected individuals.

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