Specific surface free energy and the morphology of synthesized ruby single crystals

Suzuki, Toshio; ODA, Masayuki

doi:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2010.11.058

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…At that time we used more than 4000 photographs in order to determine the average contact angle of liquids. We also determined the SSFE of ruby crystals from the contact angle of liquid droplet and discussed the relationship between the grown length of the crystal face [3]. Although the ruby crystals were growth shape, the relationship between the SSFE and h were almost proportional, which looks satisfying Wulff's relationship.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Thermodinamic Interpretaion of the Morphology Individuality of Natural and Synthesized Apatite Single Crystals

Suzuki

Takemae²,

Yoshida³

2013

JCPT

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Specific surface free energy (SSFE) of natural calcium fluorapatite from the same mother rock and synthesized barium chlorapatite from the same lot was determined using contact angle of water and formamide droplets, compared with grown length of crystal face (h). The experimentally obtained SSFEs have different values even for the same index faces of the different crystals. The SSFEs also have wide distribution for each face of crystals. Observed SSFE is considered to be not only the SSFE of ideally flat terrace face, but also includes the contribution of strep free energy. Though the crystals we experimentally obtained were growth form, the relationship between SSFE and h was almost proportional, which looks like satisfying Wulff's relationship qualitatively. The slope of SSFE versus h line shows the driving force of crystal growth, and the line for larger crystal has less steep slope. The driving force of crystal growth for larger crystal is smaller, which also means that the chemical potential is larger for larger crystal. The individuality of crystals for the same lot can be explained by the difference of the chemical potential of each crystal.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Thermodinamic Interpretaion of the Morphology Individuality of Natural and Synthesized Apatite Single Crystals

Suzuki

Takemae²,

Yoshida³

2013

JCPT

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“…Calculated SSFE of NaCl, KCl, and KBr and dispersion and polar components of them are summarized in Table 2. In our previous research, we did not discuss the dispersion and polar component separately, but we discussed summed SSFE only [7]- [9]. γ is very small.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We adopted this established experimental method to determine the SSFE of some inorganic crystals, ruby [7], quartz [8], and apatite [9], using contact angle of liquid droplet. In this work, we are studying alkali halide crystals, and discussing the detailed meaning of SSFE of crystal, especially dispersion and polar components of SSFE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersion and Polar Component of Specific Surface Free Energy of NaCl(100), KCl(100), and KBr(100) Single Crystal Surfaces

Suzuk¹,

Yamada²

2015

JCPT

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Contact angle of ethylene glycol and formamide on (100) faces of NaCl, KCl, and KBr single crystal was measured, and the specific surface free energy (SSFE) was calculated. Dispersion component of the SSFE was 90.57, 93.78, and 99.52 mN•m −1 for NaCl, KCl, and KBr, respectively. Polar component of the SSFE was 1.05, 0.65, and 0.45 mN•m −1 for NaCl, KCl, and KBr. Such a large ratio of dispersion component of SSFE results from the neutrality of the crystal surface of alkali halide. Lattice component of alkali halide is 780, 717 and 689 kJ•mol −1 for NaCl, KCl, and KBr. The larger lattice enthalpy decreases dispersion component, and increases polar component of the SSFE. The larger lattice enthalpy is considered to enhance the rumpling of the crystal surface more strongly, and such rumpling is considered to decrease the neutrality of the crystal surface.

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“…In order to reduce or even eliminate the grain boundary, single crystal and amorphous alloys have been developed. 19,20 On the other hand, polycrystalline grains have been rened to the order of magnitude of nanometers (usually below 100 nm, typically a value at about 10 nm), along with the increase of the volume of grain boundary. [21][22][23] The surface nano-crystallization of the metallic material is expected to improve the structure inhomogeneity of the soldered joint including the weld joint, heat affected zone and basis material, and to increase the mechanical properties of the welded joint.…”

Section: Metal Matrix Nano-composite Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of electrodepositing Sn–SiC composite coatings with good welding performances

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2014

RSC Adv.

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Sn-SiC composite coatings with a good welding performance were electrodeposited in a bath containing 55 g L À1 Sn(CH 3 SO 3 ) 2 , 160 g L À1 methyl sulfonic acid (MSA), 10 mg L À1 OP-21, 30 g L À1 SiC nano-particles and 50 mg L À1 sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), at an inclination angle of the plating tank q of 45 , a temperature of 20 C and a cathode-current density of 3 A dm À2 for 15 minutes. The incorporation of SiC nano-particles in the Sn deposits refines the crystalline grains. The solder spreading performance and Sn whiskers of the Sn-SiC coatings composited with 1.0-2.3 wt% SiC are better and smaller than that of the pure Sn coating, respectively. Only when the intercalation of SiC nano-particles into the Sn grain boundary is firm and homogeneous could coatings with a good welding performance be obtained.

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Specific surface free energy and the morphology of synthesized ruby single crystals

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

Thermodinamic Interpretaion of the Morphology Individuality of Natural and Synthesized Apatite Single Crystals

Thermodinamic Interpretaion of the Morphology Individuality of Natural and Synthesized Apatite Single Crystals

Dispersion and Polar Component of Specific Surface Free Energy of NaCl(100), KCl(100), and KBr(100) Single Crystal Surfaces

A study of electrodepositing Sn–SiC composite coatings with good welding performances

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