Specific Susceptibility to COVID-19 in Adults with Down Syndrome

Abstract

The current SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, which causes COVID-19, is particularly devastating for individuals with chronic medical conditions, in particular those with Down Syndrome (DS) who often exhibit a higher prevalence of respiratory tract infections, immune dysregulation and potential complications. The incidence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is much higher in DS than in the general population, possibly increasing further the risk of COVID-19 infection and its complications. Here we provide a biological overview with regard to specific susceptibility of individuals with DS to SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as data from a recent survey on the prevalence of COVID-19 among them. We see an urgent need to protect people with DS, especially those with AD, from COVID-19 and future pandemics and focus on developing protective measures, which also include interventions by health systems worldwide for reducing the negative social effects of long-term isolation and increased periods of hospitalization.

Safety and Long-Term Immunogenicity of BNT162b2 Vaccine in Individuals with Down Syndrome

“…Our study has two primary limitations: a relatively small sample size, and the lack of age-matched controls. However, with regards to age differences, as individuals with Down syndrome may have accelerated immune aging [23], an older control group may be appropriate. Nevertheless, further studies on the immune cellular response to the BNT162b2 vaccine are needed to confirm our data and to identify the best immunization strategy against COVID-19 in this vulnerable population.…”

Disinfection behavior for COVID-19 in individuals with Down syndrome and caregivers’ distress in Japan: a cross-sectional retrospective study

“…Recent research suggests a higher risk of COVID-19 infection in individuals with Down syndrome (Clift et al, 2020 ; Emami et al, 2021 ; Emes et al, 2021 ; Gleason et al, in press ; Huls et al, 2021 ; Illouz et al, 2021 ; Semenzato et al, 2021 ). Down syndrome is a chromosomal abnormality caused by chromosome 21 trisomy.…”

Understanding inequalities in COVID-19 outcomes following hospital admission for people with intellectual disability compared to the general population: a matched cohort study in the UK

“…6 15 16 The number of deaths of people with ID in England was three times higher in 2020 when compared with the corresponding period 2 years before 17 and people with ID may be more seriously affected by COVID-19 at a younger age than the general population. 15 18 Those with Down syndrome may be at particular risk of a more severe disease course, [19][20][21] specifically those 40 years and older. 22 Recent research has also suggested that people with Down syndrome have an increased risk of COVID-19 hospitalisation and death.…”