Specific systems studies of battery energy storage for electric utilities

Akhil, Abbas Ali; Lachenmeyer, L.; Jabbour, S.J.; Clark, H.K.

doi:10.2172/10182922

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Benefits: Specific studies at electric utilities considering battery energy storage systems revealed a number of generation, T&D, and customer-based benefits that are generally site-specific [5,6]. A number of factors determine the benefits of installing energy storage systems, such as storage size, location, system load profiles, and load profiles at individual substations and T&D lines.…”

Section: A-11mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Battery storage for supplementing renewable energy systems

None¹

2009

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Battery energy storage can be integrated with renewable energy generation systems in either grid-connected or standalone applications. For stand-alone systems, batteries are essential to store electricity for use when the sun is not shining or when the wind is not blowing. For grid-connected systems, batteries add value to intermittent renewable resources by facilitating a better match between the demand and supply.The system characterized in this appendix consists of a 30 kWh battery energy storage system operating with a 30 kW PV array to shave peak load on the utility side of the meter. This system is sized for commercial or small industrial applications (low-rise buildings where PV arrays are mounted on the roof and the battery system is installed indoors) as opposed to residential (1-4 kW) or utility (multi-MW) applications. Although batteries can be charged either by the PV array when PV output exceeds on-site requirements, or by the grid during off-peak hours for use during peak periods when rates are higher, only the latter case is considered in this appendix based on the data available. This data is from the first-of-a-kind-product. Figure 1, the system components include a "max power tracker", the battery subsystem, a power conditioning subsystem (PCS), switchgear and structural/mechanical items. The PV array consists of fixed PV modules that use large-area, solid-state semiconductor devices to convert sunlight into DC power. The PV subsystem is characterized elsewhere in this document. Figure 1. Battery storage system schematic. As indicated in BATTERY STORAGE FOR SUPPLEMENTING RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMSA-9Like PV cells, batteries are direct-current (DC) devices and are compatible with DC loads. Batteries not only store electrical energy --in combination with a PCS, they can also enhance the quality of the power in the system. The battery can be discharged as required and therefore supply a variable electrical load. The PV array can then be designed to operate closer to its optimum power output [1].Batteries are not specifically designed for PV systems. Most of the batteries used in current small PV systems were actually designed for use in deep-cycle electric vehicle or recreational vehicle applications where the recharge is carefully controlled and complete for every cycle. Insufficient battery recharge due to the diurnal limitations of PV output and poor charge control results in long periods of low state-of-charge which can be detrimental to some batteries, depending on design [2]. Lead-acid batteries are mostly used in integrated PV systems.The PCS processes the electricity from the PV array and battery and makes it suitable for alternating-current (AC) loads. This includes (a) adjusting current and voltage to maximize power output, (b) converting DC power to AC power, (c) matching the converted AC electricity to a utility's AC electrical network, and (d) halting current flow from the system into the grid during utility outages to safeguard utility personnel. The conversion from DC to AC power in th...

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Section: A-11mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the rectifier mode, the converter controls the voltage across the battery or the charging current. The PCS converts AC voltage to DC by firing power semiconductors so that the voltage in each of the transformer windings sums to that needed to cause the desired charge current to flow into the battery [5].…”

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confidence: 99%

Battery storage for supplementing renewable energy systems

None¹

2009

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“…For ap plications that require frequent shallow depth-of-discharge cycles, such as frequency regulation, battery life is not expected to be affected. A 17-MW, 14-MWh battery system that has been used in Berlin since 1986 by the local utility for frequency regulation and spinning reserve duties has not shown any signs of capacity or life degradation (Akhil et al 1993). Maintenance free batteries presently have a shorter life than conventional flooded cells fo r the same depth of discharge.…”

Section: Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to these components, total installed costs of a battery energy system include $375,000 to $300,000 in fixed costs.6 For a 1-MW, 1 to 3 hour lead-acid battery storage plant, capital costs fa ll in the $830/kW to $1,080/kW range. Puerto Rico Power Authority installed a 20-MW, 14-MWh battery energy storage system in 1993 at a project cost of $16.9 million (Akhil et 'al. 1993).…”

Section: Costmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed utility technology cost, performance, and environmental characteristics

Wan¹,

Adelman²

1995

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The purpose of this study is to provide pertinent information on selected distributed utility (DU) technologies that planners and engineers need to evaluate DU implementations in electric systems. It is intended to serve as a practical reference guide for utility planners and engineers by having the necessary performance and cost information in one place. In the DU concept, modular generation and storage technologies sited near customer loads in the distribution systems and specifically targeted demand-side management (DSM) programs are used to supplement the conventional central station generation plants to meet the customers' energy service needs. The distributed generation and storage systems and targeted DSM measures can satisfy some of the needs for new generation sources, 'as well as regional transmission and local distribution system expansions. In selected locations, implementation of the DU concept could help improve feeder load factor, enhance service reliability, provide local voltage support, delay or eliminate costly distribution upgrades, and lower line losses. The value of such distributed applications could be significantly higher than the energy and capacity credits typically ascribed to these technologies. The DU concept gives utilities more flexibility to adapt to changing local conditions and needs. It could also offer an early market-entry path for cost-effective applications of some emerging technologies.

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Specific systems studies of battery energy storage for electric utilities

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Battery storage for supplementing renewable energy systems

Battery storage for supplementing renewable energy systems

Distributed utility technology cost, performance, and environmental characteristics

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