Specific Vaginal Bacteria Are Associated With an Increased Risk of Trichomonas vaginalis Acquisition in Women

Jarrett, Olamide D; Srinivasan, Sujatha; Richardson, Barbra A.; Fiedler, Tina L.; Wallis, Jacqueline M; Kinuthia, John; Jaoko, Walter; Mandaliya, Kishor; Fredricks, David N.; McClelland, R. Scott

doi:10.1093/infdis/jiz354

Cited by 24 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Studies in women with the venereal protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis pinpoint dysbiotic vaginal microbiota as mediating not only pathogenic effects of infection but also predisposition to infection [ 19 – 22 ]. The dysbiotic bacteria serve as pathobionts that enhance pathogenicity by promoting adhesion of T .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dysbiosis of fecal microbiota in cats with naturally occurring and experimentally induced Tritrichomonas foetus infection

et al. 2021

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The protozoal pathogen Tritrichomonas foetus infects the colon of domestic cats and is a major cause of chronic colitis and diarrhea. Treatment failure is common, but antibiotics may improve clinical signs in a subset of cats, leading researchers to question involvement of the colonic microbiota in disease pathogenesis. Studies performed in women with venereal Trichomonas vaginalis infections have revealed that dysbiosis of host microbiota contributes to pathogenicity with similar findings also found in mice with intestinal Tritrichomonas musculis The aim of this study was to characterize differences in the fecal microbiota of cats with and without naturally occurring T. foetus infection and in a group of kittens prior to and after experimentally induced infection. Archived fecal DNA from cats undergoing testing for T. foetus infection (n = 89) and experimentally infected kittens (n = 4; at pre-, 2 weeks, and 9 weeks post-infection) were analyzed by sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Amongst the naturally infected population, the genera Megamonas and Helicobacter were significantly increased in prevalence and abundance in cats testing positive for T. foetus infection. In the group of four experimentally infected kittens, fecal samples post-infection had significantly lower abundance of genus Dialister and Megamonas and greater abundance of the class Betaproteobacteria and family Succinivibrionaceae. We hypothesize that T. foetus promotes dysbiosis by competition for fermentable substrates used by these bacteria and that metabolic byproducts may contribute to the pathogenesis of colonic inflammation and diarrhea. Future studies are warranted for the measurement of fecal concentrations of microbial and protozoal metabolites in cats with T. foetus infection for the identification of potential therapeutic targets.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dysbiosis of fecal microbiota in cats with naturally occurring and experimentally induced Tritrichomonas foetus infection

et al. 2021

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“…Trichomonas vaginalis is a widespread and serious sexually transmitted pathogen in humans, which causes a common infection of the urogenital system. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 276 million people were infected with T. vaginalis on a global scale in 2008, increasing by 11% compared to 2005 (World Health Organization, 2012;Jarrett et al, 2019). In the United States, almost 5 million people are infected with T. vaginalis every year, and in Japan the infection rate in women is 24.3%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Molecular Characterization and Immunity Identification of Trichomonas vaginalis Adhesion Protein 33 (AP33)

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2020

Front. Microbiol.

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Trichomoniasis is caused by Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis), which is a widespread and serious sexually transmitted pathogen in humans. The procedure of T. vaginalis adherence to the host cell is the precondition for T. vaginalis parasitism and pathogenicity. The AP33 adhesin of T. vaginalis (TvAP33) plays a key role in the process of adhesion. In this study, the specific primers for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were designed based on the sequence of TvAP33 (GenBank Accession No. U87098.1) to amplify the open reading frame (ORF), and the ORF was inserted into pET-32a (+) to produce recombinant TvAP33 (rTvAP33). The sequence analysis indicated that the TvAP33 gene encoded a protein of 309 amino acids with 32.53 kDa, and the protein was predicted to have a high antigen index. Western blotting assay showed rTvAP33 was successfully recognized by the sera of mice experimentally infected with T. vaginalis, while native TvAP33 in the somatic extract of T. vaginalis trophozoite was as well detected by sera from rats immunized with the rTvAP33. Immunofluorescence analysis using an antibody against rTvAP33 demonstrated that the protein was expressed and located on the surface of T. vaginalis trophozoites. The recombinant protein was emulsified in Freund's adjuvant and used to immunize BALB/C mice three times at days 0, 14, and 28. The result of animal challenge experiments revealed the levels of IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a, and IL-4, IL-10, and IL17 among rTvAP33 vaccinated animals were integrally increased. Moreover, the rTvAP33 vaccinated animals were apparently prolonged survival time (26.45 ± 4.10) after challenge infection with this parasite. All these results indicated that TvAP33 could be used as vaccine candidate antigen to induce cell-mediated and humoral immunity.

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“…In a recent systematic review and meta-analysis summarizing the data on association between the vaginal microbiota and STIs, a protective role of the vaginal microbiota with high Lactobacillus abundance was shown in relation to C. trachomatis, whereas no clear trend for N. gonorrhoeae and M. genitalium infections could be detected [10]. The significant association between clinical BV or BV-associated vaginal microbiota and T. vaginalis infection has been well documented [11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial vaginosis-associated vaginal microbiota is an age-independent risk factor for Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium and Trichomonas vaginalis infections in low-risk women, St. Petersburg, Russia

Shipitsyna

Khusnutdinova

Budilovskaya

et al. 2020

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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The large majority of studies investigating associations between bacterial vaginosis (BV) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have been conducted among predominantly young women with high risk for STIs. Since a risky sexual behavior is a significant risk factor for both STIs and BV, this creates a bias toward an increased association between BV and STIs. This study evaluated associations between BV-associated vaginal microbiota and STIs (Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae) in a population of women with low risk for STIs and investigated STI outcomes depending on the dominating Lactobacillus species. Repository cervicovaginal samples collected from reproductive-age women from January 2014 to February 2019 were characterized for vaginal microbiota types and the STIs using multiplex real-time PCR assays. In total, 95 STI-positive and 91 STI-negative samples were included. A significant, age-independent association between BV-associated vaginal microbiota and the presence of C. trachomatis, M. genitalium, and T. vaginalis infections was identified (age-adjusted odds ratios 2.92 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24-7.03], 2.88 [95% CI 1.19-7.16], and 9.75 × 10 7 [95% CI 13.03-∞], respectively). Normal vaginal microbiota dominated by Lactobacillus crispatus, L. gasseri, or L. jensenii was a strong protective factor against C. trachomatis and/or M. genitalium infections, whereas L. iners-dominated microbiota was not significantly associated with C. trachomatis and/or M. genitalium positivity. The results of the present study confirm that STI prevention strategies should include interventions that also reduce the incidence of BV and promote a protective vaginal microbiota in both high-and low-risk women.

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Specific Vaginal Bacteria Are Associated With an Increased Risk of Trichomonas vaginalis Acquisition in Women

Cited by 24 publications

References 31 publications

Dysbiosis of fecal microbiota in cats with naturally occurring and experimentally induced Tritrichomonas foetus infection

Dysbiosis of fecal microbiota in cats with naturally occurring and experimentally induced Tritrichomonas foetus infection

The Molecular Characterization and Immunity Identification of Trichomonas vaginalis Adhesion Protein 33 (AP33)

Bacterial vaginosis-associated vaginal microbiota is an age-independent risk factor for Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium and Trichomonas vaginalis infections in low-risk women, St. Petersburg, Russia

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