2019
DOI: 10.3390/cells8121579
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Specification of BMP Signaling

Abstract: Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) together with the Growth and Differentiation Factors (GDFs) form the largest subgroup of the Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)β family and represent secreted growth factors, which play an essential role in many aspects of cell communication in higher organisms. As morphogens they exert crucial functions during embryonal development, but are also involved in tissue homeostasis and regeneration in the adult organism. Their involvement in maintenance and repair processes of vario… Show more

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Cited by 109 publications
(98 citation statements)
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References 164 publications
(187 reference statements)
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“…The role of the SMAD family members’ involvement in transcriptional regulation has been well characterized [ 23 ]. SMAD4 acts as a convergence point for the TGFβ and BMP signaling pathways and mediates transcriptional activation within the nucleus.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The role of the SMAD family members’ involvement in transcriptional regulation has been well characterized [ 23 ]. SMAD4 acts as a convergence point for the TGFβ and BMP signaling pathways and mediates transcriptional activation within the nucleus.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…receptor) contexts. More specifically, measuring the effective affinity of overall complex formation may be a crucial follow-up to measuring the affinity of BMP ligands binding single receptors (Heinecke et al 2009; Saremba et al 2008; Aykul and Martinez-Hackert 2016; Isaacs et al 2010), and measurements of signaling complex activity may provide more examples of BMP ligands that bind and only weakly activate receptors, or vice versa (Nishitoh et al 1996; Nickel and Mueller 2019; Aykul et al 2020). Finally, while the existing model shows that competitive ligand-receptor interactions are sufficient to explain key features of contextual equivalence groups, further tests will be essential to understand how additional biochemical interactions, such as binding to negative regulators like Noggin, could enable other pathway behaviors.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Despite the simplicity of a one-to-one addressing system, most natural cell-cell communication systems instead employ an interconnected, manyto-many architecture (Figure 1A,right). Pathways such as bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) (Dudley and Robertson, 1997;Heldin et al, 1997;Massagué, 1998;Mueller and Nickel, 2012;Nickel and Mueller, 2019;Schmierer and Hill, 2007), Wnt (Llimargas and Lawrence, 2001;Wodarz and Nusse, 1998), Notch (Shimizu et al, 2000a(Shimizu et al, , 2000b, Eph-Ephrin (Dai et al, 2014), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) (Ornitz et al, 1996;Zhang et al, 2006) exhibit promiscuous interactions among their multiple ligand and receptor variants. However, these ligand and receptor combinations may activate similar downstream targets.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%