Specificities of Antibodies Eluted from Human Cadaveric Renal Allografts

Detection of Anti-MICA Antibodies in Patients Awaiting Kidney Transplantation, during the Post-transplant Course, and in Eluates from Rejected Kidney Allografts by Luminex Flow Cytometry

“…We have studied such antibodies to MICA in the sera of potential recipients on the waiting list and kidney graft recipients tested within 4 years after transplant and in eluates from rejected allograft nephrectomy specimens. Although anti-HLA antibodies have been previously found to be enriched in eluates from rejecting kidneys [14,15], it is not known whether anti-MICA antibodies are bound in rejecting renal allografts.…”

The role of antibodies in acute vascular rejection of pig-to-baboon cardiac transplants.

“…First, acute vascular rejection is observed in allografts and concordant xenografts in which hyperacute rejection normally does not occur (10)(11)(12)(13)(14). Second, the pathology of acute vascular rejection, which is characterized by endothelial swelling, focal ischemia, and diffuse microvascular thrombosis consisting mainly of fibrin (6,14), differs from the pathology of hyperacute rejection, which is characterized by interstitial hemorrhage and platelet microthrombi (15,16).…”

“…Some have proposed that acute vascular rejection is caused by biological processes that would occur independently of the immune reaction of the host against the graft (8). On the other hand, we have proposed that while biological incompatibility might add to the severity, acute vascular rejection is triggered by persistent interaction of xenoreactive antibodies with the xenograft, as suggested by four lines of evidence (9): ( a ) patients exposed to porcine antigens from extracorporeal circulation through porcine livers experience an increase in the titer of xenoreactive antibodies within a few days, coinciding with the time when a xenograft is subject to acute vascular rejec-tion, and suggesting that immune stimulation has occurred (21); ( b ) primates from which xenografts are removed after rejection have a sudden increase in antidonor antibody levels (22,23), implying that the xenograft was continually exposed to xenoreactive antibodies; ( c ) acute vascular rejection of allografts and concordant xenografts is associated with the presence of antidonor antibodies in the blood, or can be induced by administration of antidonor antibodies (10,24,25); and ( d ) cytotoxic agents such as cyclophosphamide that inhibit the synthesis of antibodies appear to delay or avert acute vascular rejection (4).…”

Immunologically mediated lesions of kidney tubules and interstitium in laboratory animals and in man

“…The few efforts made so far have been unsuccessful [22, 74,119]. Antibodies to TBM have been reported in association with anti-GBM nephritis [4,29,85] and with immune complex glomerulonephritis [88,89,94,104,158] in patients treated with certain drugs [11,22,29,53,65,95,119], in conjunction with a variety of other conditions [29,167], and following kidney transplantation [ 17, 74,98,127,168]. The observation of anti-TBM antibodies as an isolated phenomenon is very unusual [18].…”

“…In a few patients anti-brush border antibodies have been implicated in the pathogenesis of membranous nephropathy [107, 108, 121-123, 143,151]. In addition, these antibodies may develop in some patients after kidney transplantation [98,102,124]. Grafting experiments in rats have shown that the brush border antigen may be an alloantigen [156].…”