Specificities of the fecal microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease

Sokol, Harry; Seksik, Philippe; Rigottier-Gois, Lionel; Lay, Christophe; Lepage, Patricia; Podglajen, Isabelle; Marteau, Philippe; Doré, Joël

doi:10.1097/01.mib.0000200323.38139.c6

Cited by 385 publications

(279 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Both host and microbial factors influence bacterial opportunism and deficiencies in beneficial microbes may also contribute to chronic intestinal inflammation. Decreased counts of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii have been observed in fecal samples from IBD patients (19,20), and low counts of these bacteria appear to predict postsurgical recurrence (21). A decreased relative abundance of Bifidobacterium in the gut microbiota of IBD patients has also been observed (22).…”

mentioning

confidence: 84%

Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis fermented milk product reduces inflammation by altering a niche for colitogenic microbes

Veiga

Gallini

Beal

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

201

164

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Intestinal health requires the coexistence of eukaryotic self with the gut microbiota and dysregulated host-microbial interactions can result in intestinal inflammation. Here, we show that colitis improved in T-bet −/− Rag2 −/− mice that consumed a fermented milk product containing Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis DN-173 010 strain. A decrease in cecal pH and alterations in short chain fatty acid profiles occurred with consumption, and there were concomitant increases in the abundance of select lactate-consuming and butyrate-producing bacteria. These metabolic shifts created a nonpermissive environment for the Enterobacteriaceae recently identified as colitogenic in a T-bet −/− Rag2 −/− ulcerative colitis mouse model. In addition, 16S rRNA-based analysis of the T-bet −/− Rag2 −/− fecal microbiota suggest that the structure of the endogenous gut microbiota played a key role in shaping the host response to the bacterial strains studied herein. We have identified features of the gut microbiota, at the membership and functional level, associated with response to this B. lactis -containing fermented milk product, and therefore this model provides a framework for evaluating and optimizing probiotic-based functional foods.

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mentioning

confidence: 84%

Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis fermented milk product reduces inflammation by altering a niche for colitogenic microbes

Veiga

Gallini

Beal

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

201

164

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“…Future randomized, placebocontrolled large clinical trials are needed before we can implement prebiotics in our standard medical armamentarium for IBD. The number of adherent mucosal bacteria is increased in Crohn's disease patients 93 Inflammation and lesions generally occur in intestinal regions with the highest number of bacteria 3 Antibiotic treatment is a viable treatment option for some IBD patients 94 Luminal and mucosa-associated microflora of IBD patients differs from healthy controls 95,96 Diversion of the fecal stream induces clinical improvement in Crohn's patients 97 Inflamm Bowel Dis. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2016 December 09.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prebiotics in Chronic Intestinal Inflammation

Langen

Dieleman

2009

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

162

107

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Prebiotics are nondigestible fermentable fibers that are reported to have health benefits for the host. Older as well as more recent studies show beneficial effects in experimental colitis and lately also in human inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and chronic pouchitis. In this review we give an overview of the benefits of prebiotics in rodent IBD models and in IBD patients and discuss their possible protective mechanisms. Commensal intestinal bacteria induce and perpetuate chronic intestinal inflammation, whereas others are protective. However, most of the current medications are directed against the exaggerated proinflammatory immune response of the host, some of them toxic and costly. Feeding prebiotics changes the composition of the intestinal microflora toward more protective intestinal bacteria and alters systemic and mucosal immune responses of the host. Therapy for IBD targeting intestinal bacteria and their function is just emerging. Prebiotics have the promise to be relatively safe, inexpensive, and easy to administer. Unraveling their protective mechanisms will help to develop rational applications of prebiotics. However, the initial promising results with dietary prebiotics in preclinical trials as well as small studies in human IBD will need to be confirmed in large randomized controlled clinical trials. Keywords ulcerative colitis; Crohn's disease; prebiotics; bifidobacteria; lactobacilli The incidence and prevalence of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are increasing in the developed northern hemisphere. Bernstein et al 1 recently published data that showed that Canada has the highest incidence and prevalence of CD thus far reported. The incidence rate for CD ranged from 8.8-20.2 per 100,000 and the prevalence ranged from 161-319 per 100,000. The incidence and prevalence of UC was lower, ranging from 9.9-19.5 and 162-249 per 100,000, respectively. Approximately 0.5% of the Canadian population has IBD. Several studies concerning the pathogenesis of IBD indicate that a combination of factors such as genetic susceptibility, intestinal microflora, dietary factors, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and an abnormal immune response to intestinal bacteria lead to chronic intestinal inflammation. CIHR Author Manuscript CIHR Author Manuscript CIHR Author Manuscript Current IBD TherapeuticsThe current medical armamentarium to treat UC and CD consists of 5-aminosalicylic acid (ASA) compounds, corticosteroids, azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine, methotrexate, and cyclosporine. Recently several biologics have been added to this list. 5 Most patients respond well to these therapies, but for some patients it is still inadequate and/or induces intolerable and serious side effects. In addition, the current therapies are mostly directed against the overly aggressive adaptive immune response of the host, but fail to correct potential environmental triggers such as the intestinal microflora that induces a...

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“…In addition, it has been shown that Crohn's patients have a defect in bacterial clearance [8] and polymorphisms in receptors that recognize bacteria are overrepresented in patients [3,4]. The microflora in the intestinal mucosa and fecal samples from Crohn's patients has also shown significant changes compared to controls, often with a predominance of potentially harmful bacteria or a decrease in beneficial bacteria [9,10]. Finally, studies in animal models show that bacteria are required to develop chronic intestinal inflammation and aberrant bacterial recognition can trigger the breakdown of intestinal tolerance [3][4][5].…”

Section: Overreactivity To Intestinal Bacteria Underlies Crohn's Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal dendritic cell and macrophage subsets: Tipping the balance to Crohn's Disease?

Magnusson

Wick

2011

European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology

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Specificities of the fecal microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease

Abstract: In IBD the dominant fecal microbiota comprises unusual bacterial species. Moreover, CD and UC fecal microbiota harbor specific discrepancies and differ from that of IC and healthy subjects.

Cited by 385 publications

References 41 publications

Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis fermented milk product reduces inflammation by altering a niche for colitogenic microbes

Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis fermented milk product reduces inflammation by altering a niche for colitogenic microbes

Prebiotics in Chronic Intestinal Inflammation

Intestinal dendritic cell and macrophage subsets: Tipping the balance to Crohn's Disease?

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