Specificity of childhood psychotic symptoms for predicting schizophrenia by 38 years of age: a birth cohort study

Co-occurrence of psychotic experiences and common mental health conditions across four racially and ethnically diverse population samples

“…depressive, anxiety and substance use disorders, and PTSD; Johns et al 2004;Scott et al 2007;Varghese et al 2011;Saha et al 2012;van Nierop et al 2012;Wigman et al 2012). In a recent study by Fisher et al (2013), childhood PEs were prospectively associated with schizophrenia and PTSD in adulthood, but not significantly associated with persistent anxiety or depressive disorders or substance dependence, although nearly all individuals with childhood PEs later met criteria for at least one of these diagnoses.…”

Immigration and psychotic experiences in the United States: Another example of the epidemiological paradox?

“…While psychotic disorder occurs in about 1% of the US population, sub-clinical psychotic experiences (PE) have been reported in an estimated 7.2% of the general healthy population (based on meta-analysis; Linscott and Van Os, 2013). Studying PE has become increasingly important over the years because people who report PE may in fact feel distress and feel the need for help Murphy et al, 2010;Oh et al, 2014;Yung et al, 2006;Armando et al, 2010), and may have higher risk for developing a full psychotic disorder (Fisher et al, 2013;Kaymaz et al, 2012;Werbeloff et al, 2012) or higher risk of attempting suicide (DeVylder et al, 2015;Kelleher et al, 2013).…”

The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort as a resource for studying psychopathology in childhood and adolescence: a summary of findings for depression and psychosis

“…Risk of disorder at age 18 was also increased in individuals who had unusual (though not psychotic) experiences such as depersonalisation, and in those who self-reported hearing voices or believing others were spying on them but whose experiences were not rated by interviewers as indexing probable, let alone definite, psychotic phenomena. Through the unique availability of repeated semi-structure assessments of PEs across a key developmental period findings from ALSPAC add to the work from other birth cohorts in Christchurch [68] and Dunedin [69] and from populationbased cohorts of adults such as NEMESIS [70,71] and EDSP [72] in supporting the existence of a 'continuum of psychosis' in the population, but of limited clinical utility of childhood experiences in predicting psychotic disorder during adolescence and early adulthood [14, 70,72].…”