Specificity of Inattention, Impulsivity, and Hyperactivity to the Diagnosis of Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Halperin, Jeffrey M.; Matier, Kristin; Bedi, Gail; Sharma, Vanshdeep; Newcorn, Jeffrey H.

doi:10.1097/00004583-199203000-00002

Cited by 125 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In line with our hypothesis, the trend for performance improvement in the CPT for the active group in our study was in commission errors, which are thought to reflect impulsiveness and inhibitory mistakes [Halperin et al, 1992], thought to be mediated by rIFG [Rae et al, 2014; Rubia et al, 2003]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Real‐time fMRI neurofeedback in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Alegría

Wulff

Brinson

et al. 2017

Human Brain Mapping

118

103

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with poor self‐control, underpinned by inferior fronto‐striatal deficits. Real‐time functional magnetic resonance neurofeedback (rtfMRI‐NF) allows participants to gain self‐control over dysregulated brain regions. Despite evidence for beneficial effects of electrophysiological‐NF on ADHD symptoms, no study has applied the spatially superior rtfMRI‐NF neurotherapy to ADHD. A randomized controlled trial tested the efficacy of rtfMRI‐NF of right inferior prefrontal cortex (rIFG), a key region that is compromised in ADHD and upregulated with psychostimulants, on improvement of ADHD symptoms, cognition, and inhibitory fMRI activation. To control for region‐specificity, an active control group received rtfMRI‐NF of the left parahippocampal gyrus (lPHG). Thirty‐one ADHD boys were randomly allocated and had to learn to upregulate their target brain region in an average of 11 rtfMRI‐NF runs over 2 weeks. Feedback was provided through a video‐clip of a rocket that had to be moved up into space. A transfer session without feedback tested learning retention as a proximal measure of transfer to everyday life. Both NF groups showed significant linear activation increases with increasing number of runs in their respective target regions and significant reduction in ADHD symptoms after neurotherapy and at 11‐month follow‐up. Only the group targeting rIFG, however, showed a transfer effect, which correlated with ADHD symptom reductions, improved at trend level in sustained attention, and showed increased IFG activation during an inhibitory fMRI task. This proof‐of‐concept study demonstrates for the first time feasibility, safety, and shorter‐ and longer‐term efficacy of rtfMRI‐NF of rIFG in adolescents with ADHD. Hum Brain Mapp 38:3190–3209, 2017. © 2017 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Real‐time fMRI neurofeedback in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Alegría

Wulff

Brinson

et al. 2017

Human Brain Mapping

118

103

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“…During the follow-up visit, the child was involved in a videotaping session in a simulated classroom 34 and a continuous performance test [35][36][37] evaluation. Child testing began approximately 1.5 hours after administration of medication.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term Methylphenidate Therapy in Children With Comorbid Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Chronic Multiple Tic Disorder

Gadow¹,

Sverd²,

Sprafkin³

et al. 1999

Arch Gen Psychiatry

210

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“…Our research study is the first to use HLM to examine task time as a continuous variable. Other researchers have examined CPT performance in blocks of time using univariate analyses of variance, such as comparing performance at the beginning, middle, and end of the tasks [Halperin et al, 1992;Pearson et al, 1996Pearson et al, , 2004Gonzalez-Garrido et al, 2000;Ballard, 2001]. Analyzing time in blocks, rather than as a continuous variable, may obscure potential findings because changes may occur within a block.…”

Section: Predictors Of Cpt Performance For Boys With Fxsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although, individuals with FXS completed a continuous performance test (CPT) measure as a pre-and post-outcome measure of effectiveness of methylphenidate [Hagerman, 1988], to date no studies have been published that examine both sustained attention and response inhibition in individuals with FXS using a CPT paradigm. CPTs are not only the most widely used measure of attention ], but they have repeatedly been used to attempt to differentiate the presence or absence of ADHD in children without intellectual disabilities [Chee et al, 1989;Barkley et al, 1992;Halperin et al, 1992;Hooks et al, 1994;Barry et al, 2001] and in children with intellectual disabilities [Pearson et al, 1996].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustained attention and response inhibition in boys with fragile X syndrome: Measures of continuous performance

Sullivan

Hatton

Hammer

et al. 2007

American J of Med Genetics Pt B

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Sustained attention and response inhibition were examined in boys with full mutation fragile X syndrome (FXS) using adapted visual and auditory continuous performance tests (CPTs). Only 61% of 56 boys with visual CPT data and 54% of 52 boys with auditory data were able to demonstrate sufficient understanding to complete the visual and auditory CPTs, respectively. Mental age (MA) predicted whether boys with FXS were able to demonstrate understanding of the CPTs. The performance of boys with FXS who were able to complete the CPTs was compared to a sample of boys without disabilities matched on MA. Boys with FXS demonstrated similar or smaller declines in sustained attention over task time than their MA-matched peers on the visual and auditory CPTs, respectively, but consistently demonstrated greater declines in response inhibition over task time than their MA-matched peers. There were no differences between groups for response time of hits. Higher MAs consistently predicted better sustained attention and response inhibition over task time on the visual and auditory CPTs. Furthermore, boys taking psychotropic medication performed better at the beginning of most tasks, although their performance deteriorated at a faster rate over time, and boys rated as meeting diagnostic criteria for ADHD-hyperactive type had more difficulty over task time with response inhibition on the auditory CPT. For both boys with FXS and their MA matches, performance was better on the visual CPT than on the auditory CPT though this effect may be attributable to a number of factors other than the modality.

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Specificity of Inattention, Impulsivity, and Hyperactivity to the Diagnosis of Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Cited by 125 publications

References 36 publications

Real‐time fMRI neurofeedback in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Real‐time fMRI neurofeedback in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Long-term Methylphenidate Therapy in Children With Comorbid Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Chronic Multiple Tic Disorder

Sustained attention and response inhibition in boys with fragile X syndrome: Measures of continuous performance

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