Specificity of the vanillin test for flavanols

Sarkar, S. K.; Howarth, R. E.

doi:10.1021/jf60204a041

Cited by 165 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The observation is consistent with many similar observations (Griffiths & Moseley, 1980;Mohammed & Ahmed, 1987) , 1967;Johnson & Guthrie, 1974;Solomon et al 1978;Dembinski & Johnson, 1980) have demonstrated the roles of gastrointestinal hormones, particularly cholecystokinin (CCK) and secretin, on pancreatic growth. Pancreatic enlargement similar to that obtained in the present experiment has been reported previously in response to soya-bean trypsin inhibitor (Levison et al 1979) and lectins (Abbey et al 1979;Grant et al 1987).…”

Section: Meansupporting

confidence: 91%

Activities of enzymes of the pancreas, and the lumen and mucosa of the small intestine in growing broiler cockerels fed on tannin-containing diets

1991

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Diets containing vegetable tannins, predominantly hydrolysable gallotannins, at levels of 13.5, 25 and 50 g/kg were fed to growing broiler cockerels to examine their effect on enzymes in the pancreas, the intestinal lumen and the intestinal mucosa. Pancreas weight per unit live weight showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase with increasing level of dietary tannin while that of the liver remained unaffected. Trypsin (EC 3 . 4 . 2 1 .4) and a-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) activities in the pancreas of birds fed at the highest level of tannins were more than double those from birds fed on a tannin-free control diet. In the intestinal lumen inhibition of trypsin activity increased with increasing level of dietary tannin; a-amylase activity was inhibited at intermediate tannin levels but was restored at the highest level. Dipeptidase (EC 3.4.13.11) and sucrose a-glucosidase (disaccharidase) (EC 3.2.1.48) in the intestinal mucosa were both inhibited by tannins. Growth of the birds and digestibility of nitrogen were adversely affected by the tannin-containing diets.Tannin : Pancreatic enzymes : Brush border enzymes : Cockerel It is well established that tannins are potential protein precipitants (Hagerman & Butler, 1980;Hagerman & Klucher, 1986; Makker et al. 1987) and that they reduce the digestibilities of proteins (Mohammed & Ahnied, 1987) when present in animal feeds. Elevated faecal nitrogen excretion associated with ingestion of tannin-containing feeds is ascribed largely to interactions between either tannins and dietary protein or tannins and digestive enzymes, or both. However, Mitjavilla et al. (1977) concluded that the excess faecal N is mostly a result of mucus hypersecretion.Studies in vitro (Griffiths, 1981 ;Lumen & Salamat, 1980;Horigome et al. 1988) and in vivo (Griffiths & Moseley, 1980; Horigome er al. 1988) have demonstrated the formation of tannin-enzyme complexes. However, adopting a technique in vitro more relevant to the situation in vivo, Mole & Waterman (1987) showed that trypsin retained all its activity in the presence of tannic acid when the system included a substrate protein (bovine serum albumin ; BSA) and glycocholic acid, indicating that under such conditions tannins have a preferential affinity for dietary protein over enzyme protein. In previous work Mole & Waterman (1985) had shown that the formation of complexes between tannins and BSA, used as a substrate for proteolysis, could result in either enhancement or inhibition of proteolysis, or no effect at all depending on the tannin:BSA ratio in the complex.In contrast to what had been reported with rats (Griffiths & Moseley, 1980; Horigome et ul. 1988), tannins were shown to exert no effect on protein digestion by insect herbivores (Martin et ul. 1985(Martin et ul. , 1987 in terms of changes in activities of enzymes in the lumen of the small intestine, in order to provide further insight into the mode of action of dietary tannins. A further aim was to examine the effect of dietary tannins on the activity of membrane-bound enzymes wh...

show abstract

Section: Meansupporting

confidence: 91%

Activities of enzymes of the pancreas, and the lumen and mucosa of the small intestine in growing broiler cockerels fed on tannin-containing diets

1991

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The vanillin reagent is used most frequently due to its specificity for flavonols with which it possess a single bond at the 2,3-position of the pyran ring and free OH groups at positions 5 and 7 of the benzene ring (SHAHIDI & NACZK 1995;WATERMAN & MOLE 1994). The DC reagent is often recommended for the analysis of proanthocyanidins as a more sensitive reagent in comparison with vanillin (NACZK et al 1994;SARKAR & HOWARTH 1976). The extracts obtained from the white seed coat did not give a coloured reaction with vanillin and DC reagent, which indicates that this seed coat did not contain any tannins.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenolic compounds of seed coats of white and coloured varieties of pea (Pisum sativum L.) and their total antioxidant activity

Troszyńska¹,

Ciska²

2002

Czech J. Food Sci.

122

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The purpose of this study was to compare the composition and contents of phenolic acids and condensed tannin in the seed coats of white and coloured varieties of pea and to examine the antioxidant properties of methanol and acetone extracts containing these phenolic compounds. The contents of phenolic acids were quantified by the HPLC analysis. The sum of free phenolic acids, those liberated from soluble esters and those liberated from soluble glycosides, was higher for coloured seed coat (78.53 g per g dry matter) than for the white seed coat (17.17 g/g dry matter). Protocatechuic, gentisic and vanillic acids were found dominant in the coloured seed coat, while ferulic and coumaric acids in the white seed coat. The content of condensed tannins was 1560 mg of catechin equivalent/100 g of coloured seed coat as determined by a vanillin assay. No condensed tannins were detected in the white seed coat. The antioxidant activity of extracts was measured by the oxidation of phosphatidylcholine to hydroxyperoxidephosphatidyl choline in the liposome system. Strong antioxidant properties were observed in a crude tannin extract from the coloured seed coat. These properties were slightly changed after the seed coat was cooked in water for 30, 60 and 90 min.

show abstract

“…Marquardt et al (1978) (Broadhurst and Jones 1978). Freeze-dried leaves were ground through a l-mm mesh screen and quantitative tannin analysis was performed using the modified vanillin-HCl method (Sarkar and Howarth 1976 Although this concept was independently conceived by Goplen (1969), it coincides with Burton's "near isogenic populations". However, the term "isosynthetic" is more specific and descriptive and can be applied equally well to both cross-pollinated and self-pollinated crops.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

EFFECT OF TANNINS ON THE DIGESTIBILITY OF TWO ISOSYNTHETIC STRAINS OF BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL (Lotus corniculatus L.) USING IN VITRO AND IN SACCO TECHNIQUES

Chiquette¹,

Cheng²,

Costerton³

et al. 1988

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

of tannins on the digestibility of two isosynthetic strains of birdsfoot trefol. (Itttus corniculatus L.) using invitro and in sacco techniques. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 68: 751-7@.Two new isosynthetic strains of birdsfoot trefoil (l'otus corniculatus L.), containing low or high concentrations oftannin, were tested using in vitro and in sacco digestibility techniques. The high tannin (HT) strain contained an average of five times more tannin on a dry matter basis, than the low tannin (LT) strain. After 24-h in vitro digestion, by a rumen inoculum, there was less (P<0.01) dry matter disappearance (45.7 vs. 54.4%) from the HT strain. AIso, the development of gas pressure was lower (P< 0.01) and production of volatile fatty acids less (P < 0.05) with the HT strain than with the LT strain. Average dry matter loss from four replicated nylon bags was also lower (P< 0.01) for the HT strain than for the LT strain after 8, 12, and 24 h of incubation in rumen. These data indicate that a LT strain of birdsfoot trefoil might improve the forage digestibility. (1980, 1981) reported thar bloat-causing forages are more rapidly and heavily colonized by rumen bacteria. Marquardt et al. (1978)

show abstract

Specificity of the vanillin test for flavanols

Cited by 165 publications

References 6 publications

Activities of enzymes of the pancreas, and the lumen and mucosa of the small intestine in growing broiler cockerels fed on tannin-containing diets

Activities of enzymes of the pancreas, and the lumen and mucosa of the small intestine in growing broiler cockerels fed on tannin-containing diets

Phenolic compounds of seed coats of white and coloured varieties of pea (Pisum sativum L.) and their total antioxidant activity

EFFECT OF TANNINS ON THE DIGESTIBILITY OF TWO ISOSYNTHETIC STRAINS OF BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL (Lotus corniculatus L.) USING IN VITRO AND IN SACCO TECHNIQUES

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About