Specificity Protein 1: A Protein With a Two-Sided Role in Ischemic Stroke

Abstract

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. However, there is a lack of effective medications to speed up the recovery process. Ischemic stroke, as the result of cerebral infarction or cerebral artery narrowing, is accompanied by hemiplegia or impaired consciousness. There are many transcription factors involved in the development of this condition, whose alterations can influence or signal the prognostic outcomes of ischemic stroke. Among them, the augmented expression of specificity protein 1 (SP1) can participate in the progression of the disease by binding DNA to regulate the transcriptions of many genes. Different studies have provided different answers as to whether SP1 plays a positive or a negative role in ischemic stroke. On the one hand, SP1 can play a cytoprotective role as both an antioxidant and anti-apoptotic agent for neurons and glial cells. On the other hand, it can also damage neuronal cells by promoting inflammation and exacerbating brain edema. In this review, we highlight the roles of SP1 in ischemic stroke and shed light on the underlying mechanism.

The potential function of SP1 and CPPED1 in restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention

“…Specificity protein 1 (SP1) is an important transcription factor from the SP family, participating in oxidative stress responses 9 . Noteworthily, SP1 was discovered to be regulated by microRNA‐133 in response to vascular injury 10 .…”

“…Specificity protein 1 (SP1) is an important transcription factor from the SP family, participating in oxidative stress responses. 9 Noteworthily, SP1 was discovered to be regulated by microRNA-133 in response to vascular injury. 10 Moreover, the SP1 transcription mechanism facilitates cyclic guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphatedependent protein kinase (PKG)-Iα expression, and PKG was downregulated in after the occurrence of balloon catheter injury in the swine coronary artery.…”

Baicalin alleviates oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation‐induced SK‐N‐SH cell injury via the regulation of miR‐556‐3p/ACSL4 pathway

“…IS can lead to hemiplegia, speech disorder, facial paralysis, and even consciousness disorder in patients, which seriously affects the quality of patient's life (Balbi et al., 2022; Yu et al., 2021). Some natural extracts are believed to have protective effects against human diseases including IS, such as Ginsenoside Rg1 (Chu et al., 2019) and Notoginsenoside R1 (Liu et al., 2021).…”

KCNK12 as a novel immune-related biomarker to reveal the crosstalk between COVID19 and stroke

“…Finally, we conducted predictive analysis on the transcriptional regulation mechanisms and potential therapeutic drugs of KCNK12 and hub genes, including MYC [31] ESR1 [32] CTCF [33] SNAI2 [34] JUND [35] is closely related to acute stroke. MYC plays an important role in neuronal repair after ischemia, and JUND regulates IL-1 β Improving cerebral vascular reperfusion injury, ZBTB7A promotes cell survival after coronavirus infection[36], CREB1 identi ed as an important transcription factor in stroke mice [37], MYB is involved in cortical and striatal damage in mouse brain after I/R[38], SP1 has a bidirectional effect in ischemic stroke [39], CBX3 is associated with COVID19 infection [40], TAL1 is considered the main regulatory factor of COVID19 [41], Correlation between TET2 and in ammatory response in ischemic stroke.…”