Speckle tracking echocardiography in cats with preclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Abstract

Background Cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) have decreased left ventricular (LV) longitudinal deformation detected by mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) and speckle tracking echocardiography. People with preclinical HCM have decreased systolic LV longitudinal and radial strain (S) and strain rate (SR), with preserved circumferential S and SR. Hypothesis/Objectives Cats with preclinical HCM have decreased systolic LV deformation compared to normal cats. Animals Seventy‐three client‐owned cats with (n = 37) and without (n = 36) preclinical HCM. Methods Retrospective echocardiographic study. Left and right ventricular longitudinal S and SR, LV radial and circumferential S and SR were calculated by STE. Left ventricular mass was also calculated. Correlation between STE variables and LV hypertrophy was determined and receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted for prediction of HCM. Results Cats with HCM had smaller absolute longitudinal S (−14.8 ± 3.3% vs −19.7 ± 2.7%, P < .001), longitudinal SR (−2.36 ± 0.62 vs −2.95 ± 0.68 second −1 , P < .001), radial S (46.2 ± 21.3% vs 66.7 ± 17.6%, P < .001), and radial SR (5.60 ± 2.08 vs 6.67 ± 1.8 second −1 , P < .001) compared to healthy controls. No difference was observed for circumferential S and SR. Cats with HCM had greater LV mass (13.2 ± 3.7 g vs 8.6 ± 2.7 g, P < .001). The ROC with the greatest area under the curve (AUC) for the identification of HCM (0.974) was plotted from a logistic regression equation combining LV mass, MAPSE at the free wall, and LV internal diameter in diastole (LVIDd). Conclusions and clinical importance Cats with preclinical HCM have decreased long axis and radial deformation. Decreased longitudinal deformation and decreased LVIDd are factors that would support a diagnosis of HCM.

Assessment of left atrial function in feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by using two- dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography

“…We undertook this study to assess LA function of control cats and cats affected with HCM, using 2D- Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography is an echocardiographic technique that can be used to assess LA longitudinal strain in dogs [5,6,9] and humans [7,8,15,34]. Few studies using 2D-STE to assess left ventricular function in cats with HCM have been published [16][17][18][19][20]. This technique has been used to evaluate left ventricular myocardial function with adequate repeatability [16][17][18].…”

“…Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography has been utilized to assess LA function in humans and dogs [5,6,9,14,15]. Few studies using 2D-STE to assess left ventricular function in HCM cats have been published [16][17][18][19][20]. To our knowledge, there are no studies focusing on the assessment of LA function by 2D-STE in feline HCM.…”

Assessment of left atrial function in feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by using two- dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography

“…Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography is an echocardiographic technique that can be used to assess LA longitudinal strain in dogs [8,9,12,37] and humans [10,11,27,38]. Few studies using 2D-STE to assess left ventricular function in cats with HCM have been published [22,23,[28][29][30]. This technique has been used to evaluate left ventricular myocardial function with adequate repeatability [22,23,28].…”

“…Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography has been utilized to assess LA function in humans and dogs [8-12, 26, 27]. Few studies using 2D-STE to assess left ventricular function in HCM cats have been published [22,23,[28][29][30]. To our knowledge, there are no studies focusing on the assessment of LA function by 2D-STE in feline HCM.…”

Assessment of left atrial function in feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by using two- dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography

“…Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography is an echocardiographic technique that can be used to assess LA longitudinal strain in dogs [8,9,12,31] and humans [10,11,27,32]. Few studies using 2D-STE to assess left ventricular function in cats with HCM have been published [22,23,[28][29][30]. This technique has been used to evaluate left ventricular myocardial function with adequate repeatability [22,23,28].…”