Spectral Absorption of Prodigiosin in Intact Cells

Monk, G. W.

doi:10.1128/jb.74.1.71-74.1957

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…After prolonged cultivation, we identified various levels of dark‐red and reddish pigmentation in particulate structures within its cytoplasm (Figs 1B and 4A). The spectral absorption corresponded to that reported for prodigiosin within S. marcescens (Monk, 1957). The co‐cultivation of S. lividans with V. dahliae resulted in an efficient prodiginine‐accumulation at and within the fungal hyphae (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Characterization and localization of prodiginines from Streptomyces lividans suppressing Verticillium dahliae in the absence or presence of Arabidopsis thaliana

Meschke

Walter

Schrempf

2011

Environmental Microbiology

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The ascomycete Verticillium dahliae causes worldwide vascular wilt of many field and horticultural plants. The melanized resting structures of this fungus, so-called microsclerotia, survive for many years in soils and continuously re-infect plants. Due to the absence of known fungicides, Verticillium wilt causes immense crop losses. We discovered that the Gram-positive, spore-forming soil bacterium Streptomyces lividans expresses members of the prodiginine family during co-cultivation with V. dahliae. Using HPLC and LC-MS analysis of cultures containing S. lividans alone or grown together with V. dahliae, we found that undecylprodigiosin [394.4 M+H](+) is highly abundant, and streptorubin B [392.4 M+H](+) is present in smaller amounts. Within co-cultures, the quantity of undecylprodigiosin increased considerably and pigment concentrated at and within fungal hyphae. The addition of purified undecylprodigiosin to growing V. dahliae hyphae strongly reduced microsclerotia formation. Undecylprodigiosin was also produced when S. lividans grew on the roots of developing Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Furthermore, the presence of the undecylprodigiosin producer led to an efficient reduction of V. dahliae hyphae and microsclerotia on plant-roots. Based on these novel findings and previous knowledge, we deduce that the prodiginine investigated leads to multiple cellular effects, which ultimately impair specific pathways for signal transduction and apoptosis of the fungal plant pathogen.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Characterization and localization of prodiginines from Streptomyces lividans suppressing Verticillium dahliae in the absence or presence of Arabidopsis thaliana

Meschke

Walter

Schrempf

2011

Environmental Microbiology

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“…When the bacterium was incubated at 25 °C for 48 h, the macrovesicle showed up at the highest frequencies of 66.13% as calculated based on transmission electron microscopy. The actual frequencies may be higher since the To monitor bacterial cell growth, 750 nm instead of the mostly used 600 nm was chosen as detection wavelength to reduce the influence of prodigiosin absorption, which was also suggested by Haddix et al 20 Since the peak wavelength of absorption by prodigiosin depends on test conditions (e.g., pH value), 56 prodigiosin was extracted from cultures and measured at 536 nm as determined by scanning from 400 to 760 nm at 1 nm interval (Supplementary Figure S2), which is similar to the absorption peak of prodigiosin as previously reported. 56 macrovesicle is located at one end of the rod-shaped cell, and may be bypassed in a slice that cut through the other end of the cell.…”

Section: ■ Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(B) Representative cultures at different growth stage. (C) Temporal-dependent occurrence of macrovesicles.To monitor bacterial cell growth, 750 nm instead of the mostly used 600 nm was chosen as detection wavelength to reduce the influence of prodigiosin absorption, which was also suggested by Haddix et al20 Since the peak wavelength of absorption by prodigiosin depends on test conditions (e.g., pH value),56 prodigiosin was extracted from cultures and measured at 536 nm as determined by scanning from 400 to 760 nm at 1 nm interval (Supplementary FigureS2), which is similar to the absorption peak of prodigiosin as previously reported 56.…”

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confidence: 99%

Genetic Analysis and Immunoelectron Microscopy of Wild and Mutant Strains of the Rubber Tree Endophytic Bacterium Serratia marcescens Strain ITBB B5–1 Reveal Key Roles of a Macrovesicle in Storage and Secretion of Prodigiosin

Sun

et al. 2020

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Rubber tree is an economically important tropical crop. Its endophytic bacterial strain Serratia marcescens ITBB B5–1 contains an intracellular macrovesicle and red pigment. In this research, the red pigment was identified as prodigiosin by quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Prodigiosin has a wide range of potential medical values such as anticancer and antiorgan transplant rejection. The strain ITBB B5–1 accumulated prodigiosin up to 2000 mg/L, which is higher production compared to most known Serratia strains. The formation of the macrovesicle and prodigiosin biosynthesis were highly associated and were both temporal- and temperature-dependent. A mutant strain B5–1mu that failed to produce prodigiosin was obtained by ultraviolet mutagenesis. Whole genome sequencing of wild-type and mutant strains indicated that the PigC gene encoding the last-step enzyme in the prodigiosin biosynthesis pathway was mutated in B5–1mu by a 17-bp deletion. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that the macrovesicle was absent in the mutant strain, indicating that formation of the macrovesicle relied on prodigiosin biosynthesis. Immunoelectron microscopy using prodigiosin-specific antiserum showed the presence of prodigiosin in the macrovesicle, the cell wall, and the extracellular vesicles, while immuno-reaction was not observed in the mutant cell. These results indicate that the macrovesicle serves as a storage organelle of prodigiosin, and secretes prodigiosin into cell envelop and culture medium as extracellular vesicles.

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“…Figure 1 shows the results obtained when a set of cultures prepared as described above was scanned. The organism grown in lOO% H 2 0 shows the normal peaks at 490 and 535 mp' (Wilbein, Green, and Rappoport 1956;Monk 1957) associated with the pigments produced by S. marcescens. Descending the scale, the 80% and 60% H 2 0 cultures show similar curves.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some Effects of Heavy Water on the Growth of Serratia Marcescens

Davis¹,

Mcpherson²

1962

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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When Serratia marce8cen8 is grown on solid or liquid media containing heavy in place of light water, pigment production ceases. When the media contain mixtures of heavy and light water, pigment production is inversely proportional to the heavy water concentration. The results of the biochemical tests used in the identification of the organism are the same for the deuterated and normal cells with the exception that acetyl methyl carbinol production cannot be detected. It is suggested that the effects of deuteration on bacteria are of two types, transient ones following the change from one isotopic medium to the other, and permanent ones caused by the "toxicity" of deuterium. This view is compared with that of other authors.

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Spectral Absorption of Prodigiosin in Intact Cells

Cited by 11 publications

References 3 publications

Characterization and localization of prodiginines from Streptomyces lividans suppressing Verticillium dahliae in the absence or presence of Arabidopsis thaliana

Characterization and localization of prodiginines from Streptomyces lividans suppressing Verticillium dahliae in the absence or presence of Arabidopsis thaliana

Genetic Analysis and Immunoelectron Microscopy of Wild and Mutant Strains of the Rubber Tree Endophytic Bacterium Serratia marcescens Strain ITBB B5–1 Reveal Key Roles of a Macrovesicle in Storage and Secretion of Prodigiosin

Some Effects of Heavy Water on the Growth of Serratia Marcescens

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