Spectral actions for q-particles and their asymptotics

Abstract

For spectral actions consisting of the average number of particles and arising from open systems made of general free q-particles (including Bose, Fermi and classical ones corresponding to q = ±1 and 0, respectively) in thermal equilibrium, we compute the asymptotic expansion with respect to the natural cut-off. We treat both relevant situations relative to massless and non relativistic massive particles, where the natural cut-off is 1/β = k B T and 1/ √ β, respectively. We show that the massless situation enjoys less regularity properties than the massive one. We also treat in some detail the relativistic massive case for which the natural cut-off is again 1/β. We then consider the passage to the continuum describing infinitely extended open systems in thermal equilibrium, by also discussing the appearance of condensation phenomena occurring for Bose-like q-particles, q ∈ (0, 1]. We then compare the arising results for the finite volume situation (discrete spectrum) with the corresponding infinite volume one (continuous spectrum).