Spectral and Thermal Degradation of Melamine Cyanurate

Sangeetha, V.; Kanagathara, N.; Sumathi, R. Radhakrishnan; Sivakumar, N.; Anbalagan, G.

doi:10.1155/2013/262094

Cited by 27 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The XRD profiles of F0 and F3 formulations are shown in Figure 7. The sharp peaks of both formulations at 2θ ≈ 14.4°, 15.6° (corresponding to APP) [41,42], 19.9° (showing chitosan) [43][44][45], 25.8° (melamine) [46], and 28.0° (boric acid) [47,48] represent the crystalline patterns. Only the F3 formulation shows extra peaks of low intensity at 30.6°, 40.4°, 50.2°, and 59.1°, which are characteristics peaks corresponding to ZrO2 [8].…”

Section: Characterization Of Flame-retardant Coating Formulations Usimentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Thermal Properties of Zirconia Nanoparticles and Chitosan-Based Intumescent Flame Retardant Coatings

et al. 2019

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Zirconia (ZrO2)-based flame retardant coatings were synthesized through the process of grinding, mixing, and curing. The flame retardant coatings reinforced with zirconia nanoparticles (ZrO2 NPs) were prepared at four different formulation levels marked by F0 (without adding ZrO2 NPs), F1 (1% w/w ZrO2 NPs), F2 (2% w/w ZrO2 NPs), and F3 (3% w/w ZrO2 NPs) in combination with epoxy resin, ammonium polyphosphate, boric acid, chitosan, and melamine. The prepared formulated coatings were characterized by flammability tests, combustion tests, and thermogravimetric analysis. Finally, char residues were examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The peak heat release rate (PHRR) of the controlled sample filled with functionalized ZrO2 NPs was observed to decrease dramatically with increasing functionalized ZrO2 NPs loadings. There was an increase in the limit of oxygen index (LOI) value with the increase in the weight percentage of ZrO2 NPs. The UL-94V data clearly revealed a V-1 rating for the F0 sample; however, with the addition of ZrO2 NPs, the samples showed enhanced properties with a V-0 rating. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) results revealed that addition of ZrO2 NPs Improved composite coating thermal stability at 800 °C by forming high residual char. The results obtained here reveal that the addition of ZrO2 NPs in the formulated coatings has shown the excellent impact as flame retardant coatings.

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Section: Characterization Of Flame-retardant Coating Formulations Usimentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Thermal Properties of Zirconia Nanoparticles and Chitosan-Based Intumescent Flame Retardant Coatings

et al. 2019

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“…It is known that hydrogen-bonding m N-H bands are observed at approximately 3400, 3200, and 3040 cm 21 in the FT-IR spectrum of melamine cyanuate. 32 In the case of DAIC-ML, the corresponding bands were observed as a very broad peak in the region of 3100-3600 cm 21 . The BMI showed the absorption bands characteristic of maleimide group at 1148, 837, and 689 cm 21 , in addition to an imide m C@O band at 1707 cm 21 and a band related to benzene ring at 1512 cm…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The DAIC‐ML displayed a very broad hydrogen‐bonding ν N–H band at approximately 3380 cm −1 , which was not appeared in the spectra of DAIC and ML. It is known that hydrogen‐bonding ν N–H bands are observed at approximately 3400, 3200, and 3040 cm −1 in the FT‐IR spectrum of melamine cyanuate . In the case of DAIC‐ML, the corresponding bands were observed as a very broad peak in the region of 3100–3600 cm −1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Thermosetting bismaleimide resins generating covalent and multiple hydrogen bonds

Shibata

Satoh

Ehara

2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Prepolymerizations of 4,4 0 -bismaleimidodiphenylmethane (BMI), diallyl isocyanurate (DAIC), and melamine (ML) at 160-1708C and subsequent compression molding at 200-2808C yielded cured BMI/DAIC/ML resins with feed molar ratios of 4/1/1, 3/1/1, and 2/1/1 (BMI-DAIC-ML411, 311, and 211). Similarly, cured BMI/DAIC 1/1 and BMI/ML 3/1 resins (BMI-DAIC11 and BMI-ML31) were prepared. The FT-IR analysis revealed that the maleimide and allyl groups were almost consumed for all the cured resins, and the hydrogen bonding interaction became stronger with decreasing BMI contents for BMI-DAIC-MLs. Based on the cured structures elucidated from the FT-IR result, the numbers of multiple hydrogen bonds and cross-linking covalent bonds (N MHB and N CB ), and total cross-linking bond energy (E TB ) were evaluated to be 0, 7.92, and 618 for BMI-DAIC-ML411, 0.71, 7.81, and 627 for BMI-DAIC-ML311, and 0.95 mol kg 21, 7.61 mol kg 21, and 617 kcal kg 21 for BMI-DAIC-ML211, respectively. A higher order of glass transition and 5% weight loss temperatures for BMI-DAIC-MLs was 411 > 311 > 211 in accordance with a higher order of N CB . BMI-DAIC-MLs displayed a weak tan d peak at 70-1508C due to dissociation of the hydrogen bonds. The flexural strength and modulus of BMI-DAIC-ML311 were higher than those of BMI-DAIC-ML411 in accordance with the difference of E TB . V C 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym.Sci. 2016, 133, 43121.

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“…On the other hand, the volatile coming from the AlCP is detected at higher temperature and the signals are weaker than those producing by PBT and MC, indicating most of AlCP was left in the condensed phase to prevent the PBT from degradation. MC mainly acts in the gas phase by releasing the nonflammable gas diluting the flammable substance [39,40]. Appropriate combination of AlCP and MC can make the flame retardants acting in the gas and the condensed phase simultaneously and shows optimum synergistic effect by forming loose char layer to isolate the heat and flammable gas from the inner layer of the materials.…”

Section: Combustion Characteristics: Loi Ul 94 and MCCmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and performance of star-shaped aluminum phosphinate flame retardant

Zou

Liu

et al. 2016

J Therm Anal Calorim

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A star-shaped aluminum dimethyl(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propylene)bis(oxy)bicarbonylethyldiphos phinate (AlCP) was synthesized by esterifying reaction between 2-methy-2,5-dioxo-1,2-oxaphospholane (OP) and neopentyl glycol following by neutralizing with aluminum hydroxide. The structure and composition were confirmed with FTIR, 1 H NMR, 31 P NMR and X-ray fluorescent spectroscopy. AlCP begins to decompose at 370°C, matching the initial decomposition temperature of PBT. It endows PBT with desired flame retardancy and anti-dripping property and shows good compatibility with PBT. When the total filler loading is kept at 17, 15-13 mass% AlCP combining with 2-4 mass% MC can make the PBT passing the UL 94 V0 rating and eliminating dripping. In addition, the AlCP has a little influence on the mechanical properties of PBT. The tensile strength and notched impact strength of PBT containing 17 mass% AlCP only reduce by 5.6 and 4 %, respectively, comparing to the pure PBT. The SEM photographs show that AlCP has a good compatibility with PBT. Microcombustion calorimeter, TG-FTIR and SEM results show that AlCP can depress the heating release and promote char forming during combustion and acts mainly in the condensed phase.

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Spectral and Thermal Degradation of Melamine Cyanurate

Cited by 27 publications

References 22 publications

Enhanced Thermal Properties of Zirconia Nanoparticles and Chitosan-Based Intumescent Flame Retardant Coatings

Enhanced Thermal Properties of Zirconia Nanoparticles and Chitosan-Based Intumescent Flame Retardant Coatings

Thermosetting bismaleimide resins generating covalent and multiple hydrogen bonds

Synthesis and performance of star-shaped aluminum phosphinate flame retardant

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