Spectral characteristics analysis of oil film among sea ice

Abstract

Oil spill among sea ice has become a subject of great concern to corporations, local residents, and government agencies, which participate in oil exploration, production, and transportation in ice-infested regions recently. For developing a credible and effective response to oil spill in ice-infested waters, a field experiment was performed on spectrum of oil film in waters with sea ice. In this experiment, four groups of spectrum samples were collected, which were clean sea water, brash ice and even ice and sea water /brash ice /even ice contaminated by diesel and crude oil. The experiment results indicated that: the same sort of oil with different background had different reflectance at the same wavelength, so did the same sort of oil with the same background but different distribution state; nevertheless there were some common characteristics within the same oil. For example, diesel had two apparent characteristics, no matter on the surface of sea water or brash ice or even ice, the first of which was that the reflectance curves of diesel film were first lower and then higher than that of clean sea water, brash ice or even ice according to the wavelength; the second was that the reflectance curves of diesel film were almost equaled to that of the background between 400nm and 510nm in sea water, 410nm and 510nm in brash ice and 490nm and 510nm in even ice. The spectrum curves of crude oil had a representative sphenoid reflectance-peak which appeared between 750nm and 770nm. These characteristics of oil film in terms of ice and oil type could be effectively used to distinct the oil with sea water and sea ice, meanwhile this experiment would improve and facilitate the detecting and monitoring proposal of oil which had been spilled in moving, broken pack ice and fast-ice environment in the ocean.

Assessing Sensitivity of Hyperspectral Sensor to Detect Oils with Sea Ice

“…At the other bands, the diesel and thick crude oil film could be detected theoretically. The reason for the phenomenon may be that the water absorbs almost all the longer wavelength light, while the oil films reflect [38]. The thin crude oil film reflects most of the light through the short wavelength visible light to the nearinfrared light, while the water absorbs the light.…”

An Electromagnetic Detection Case Study on Crude Oil Injection in a Young Sea Ice Environment

“…This includes the use of optical spectrometer images for oil spill mapping in winter through MODIS and Landsat images [16]. Another example of above-the-surface detection is presented in [17], where the reflectance of oil in different backgrounds was investigated to distinct the oil with sea water and sea ice. Moreover, a fluorescence polarization instrument has been developed in [18] for the detection of submerged oil spills relying on the property of viscous oil fractions exhibiting polarized fluorescence from beneath ice.…”