Spectral Characterization of Fungal Metabolites in Aqueous Medium with Humus Substances

Abstract

The work is targeted to confirm participation of microscopic fungi in transformation of humus substances in aquatic environments. The research is focused on the spectroscopic study of the collection of fungal strains with different pigmentation of mycelium. Spectral properties of fungal metabolites were measured and compared to that of natural aquatic nonliving organic matter and commercial humus substances in aqueous solutions. The experiments revealed that the effect of microscopic fungi growing in the culture medium with added humate appeared as changes in the humic-type fluorescence: its characteristics became more similar to that of nonliving organic matter in natural waters than to original humate preparation. The experiments demonstrated degradation of coal-originated humate due to microbial activity into compounds of smaller molecular size and increased heterogeneity. We resume that transformation of humus substances by fungal cultures can be monitored and characterized using spectral measurements.

Geological and Morphological and Fluorescent Characteristics Used in Assessment of Almaty City Soil Contamination

“…Therefore, the absorption spectra of macromolecules' set with various compositions are structure-free. The particularity manifested as local maxima in the UV spectrum only in certain types of absorption spectra of aquatic humic substances (such as from the peat or lignosulphate) according to these investigations [1,6]. Humic substances determine the spectral properties of the DOS (dissolved organic substance) of natural water.…”

“…The quantitative and qualitative compositions of organic contaminants presented in the aquatic ecosystems with sufficient accuracy are established by spectral methods [1] and method of georadiolocation in complex scientific applied researches [2].…”

“…The research objects were Almaty city soils, also their samples and extracts. The soil samples have been taken at 5 patches: four in the city (P. [1][2][3][4] and one from outside the city (P. 5) by the "envelope" method at a depth of 0-25 cm [3] for determination of geological and morphological and fluorescent characteristics.…”

“…Calculation of the fluorescence quantum efficiency F fl was carried out by the method of the reference compound, applied for samples of natural water and commercial humic preparations earlier [1, 6, etc.]. An aqueous solution of quinine sulfate was used as a reference compound, because according to the shape of the spectral line and the position of the fluorescence maximum it's close to natural humic compounds [8,1].…”

A Model System for Concurrent Detection of Antigen and Antibody Based on Immunological Fluorescent Method

“…Multiplexed detection of antigens in immunoassays has been the most successful strategy using fluorescent probe molecules which are spatially isolated from each other on beads or different locations on a surface [1][2][3]. Detection schemes for multiple targets have been extensively studied and are commercially available [4][5][6]. The greatest successes have involved spatially isolated formats such as planar arrays, beads, and separate assays which run concurrently [7][8][9][10].…”