Spectral dependence of the scattering coefficient in case 1 and case 2 waters

Gould, Richard W.; Arnone, Robert; Martinolich, Paul

doi:10.1364/ao.38.002377

Cited by 131 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Note that no data were available at 650 nm for the North Sea and Baltic Sea during cruise 6. The Ϫ1 dependency and the average spectra of Barnard et al (1998) and Gould et al (1999) are also shown in (b), together with the standard deviation for all our samples. (c) Average spectra of the single-scattering albedo of particles for the different regions and theoretical spectra for typical pure algal and pure mineral particles (see text for details).…”

Section: Relationship Between B P () and Spm And Spectral Dependencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spectral determinations of b p () have become possible only recently owing to the development of instrumentation for measuring simultaneously the beam attenuation and absorption coefficients (Pegau et al 1995). Barnard et al (1998) and Gould et al (1999) documented spectral variations in b p () in different waters and determined the average b p () spectral shapes with a small standard deviation. These shapes differed from each other, which suggests that they may vary significantly with geographical location.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Light scattering properties of marine particles in coastal and open ocean waters asrelated to the particle mass concentration

Babin¹,

Morel²,

Fournier-Sicre³

et al. 2003

Limnology & Oceanography

492

485

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Variations in the spectral scattering coefficient of marine particles [b p ()] were measured at 241 locations in oceanic (case 1) and coastal (case 2) waters around Europe. The scattering coefficient at 555 nm normalized to the dry mass of particles [b (555)] was, on average, 1.0 and 0.5 m 2 g Ϫ1 in case 1 and case 2 waters, respectively. characterized by a high density that counterbalances the effect of a higher refractive index. In the Baltic Sea, b (555) was similar to values found in other coastal waters despite the fact that particles were dominantly organic, m p which may result from higher absorption relative to scattering. A smaller than expected increase of b p () toward short wavelengths is attributed to significant absorption that increases toward the shorter wavelengths and reduces scattering, whether particles are living, detrital, or mineral. Our analyses suggest that the determination of b may m p be significantly sensitive to the porosity of the filter used to assess the dry mass of particles.Light scattering by suspended particles is generally the first-order determinant of reflectance variability in coastal 1 Corresponding author (marcel@obs-vlfr.fr). AcknowledgmentsThis study was mainly funded by the European Commission (Environment and Climate Program, contract ENV4-CT96-0310), and partially by the European Space Agency and by the U.S. Office of Naval Research Environmental Optics Program (grant N00014-98-1-0003). Ship time was provided by the Reedereigemeinschaft Forschungsschiffahrt and Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers. We thank Louis Prieur, who made possible our participation in the Almofront-2 cruise aboard R.V. L'Atalante. We are grateful to the crews of R.V. Victor Hensen and R.V. Tethys 2, and to Commerc'Air SA staff for their support during field experiments. We also thank G. M. Ferrari, G. Obolensky, N. Hoepffner, F. Lahet, K. Oubelkheir, and E. Roussier for their help during measurements,

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Section: Relationship Between B P () and Spm And Spectral Dependencymentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Light scattering properties of marine particles in coastal and open ocean waters asrelated to the particle mass concentration

Babin¹,

Morel²,

Fournier-Sicre³

et al. 2003

Limnology & Oceanography

492

485

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…AC-s absorption, attenuation, and calculated scattering spectra were corrected for changes in salinity and temperature, measured with a Seabird CTD (Wet-Labs; Sullivan et al, 2006). AC-s data were averaged from the surface of the water column to the observed Secchi depth and used to correct the R rs spectra (Gould et al, 1999(Gould et al, , 2001.…”

Section: Derivation Of Meris Chla Cdom and Tssmentioning

confidence: 99%

Satellite Derived Water Quality Observations Are Related to River Discharge and Nitrogen Loads in Pensacola Bay, Florida

Lehrter

2017

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Relationships between satellite-derived water quality variables and river discharges, concentrations and loads of nutrients, organic carbon, and sediments were investigated over a 9-year period (2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011) in Pensacola Bay, Florida, USA. These analyses were conducted to better understand which river forcing factors were the primary drivers of estuarine variability in several water quality variables. Remote sensing reflectance time-series data were retrieved from the MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) and used to calculate monthly and annual estuarine time-series of chlorophyll a (Chla), colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), and total suspended sediments (TSS). Monthly MERIS Chla varied from 2.0 mg m −3 in the lower region of the bay to 17.2 mg m −3 in the upper bay. MERIS CDOM and TSS exhibited similar patterns with ranges of 0.51-2.67 (m −1 ) and 0.11-8.9 (g m −3 ). Variations in the MERIS-derived monthly and annual Chla, CDOM, and TSS time-series were significantly related to monthly and annual river discharge and loads of nitrogen, organic carbon, and suspended sediments from the Escambia and Yellow rivers. Multiple regression models based on river loads (independent variables) and MERIS Chla, CDOM, or TSS (dependent variables) explained significant fractions of the variability (up to 62%) at monthly and annual scales. The most significant independent variables in the regressions were river nitrogen loads, which were associated with increased MERIS Chla, CDOM, and TSS concentrations, and river suspended sediment loads, which were associated with decreased concentrations. In contrast, MERIS water quality variations were not significantly related to river total phosphorus loads. The spatially synoptic, nine-year satellite record expanded upon the spatial extent of past field studies to reveal previously unseen system-wide responses to river discharge and loading variation. The results indicated that variations in Pensacola Bay Chla, CDOM, and TSS were primarily associated with riverine nitrogen loads. Thus, reducing these loads may improve water quality issues associated with eutrophication, turbidity, and water clarity in this system.

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“…The method by Gallegos et al (1990) assume that the absorption at 720 nm to be only from pure water, and zero from all other sources such as CDOM and phytoplankton, which may not be valid for all waters, and the b derived using this algorithm is assumed to be spectrally invariant. Another empirical algorithm uses b(555) to derive spectral b(λ) (Gould et al 1999(Gould et al , 2001). An empirical relationship based on chlorophyll is more suited for Case 1 waters (Gordon and Morel 1983).…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Algorithm Mumentioning

confidence: 99%

An empirical algorithm to estimate spectral average cosine of underwater light field from remote sensing data in coastal oceanic waters

Talaulikar

Suresh

Desa

et al. 2014

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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The underwater average cosine is an apparent optical property of water that describes the angular distribution of radiance at a given point in water. Here, we present a simple empirical algorithm to estimate spectral underwater average cosine (λ) where the wavelength λ ranges from 400 nm to 700 nm, based only on the apparent optical property, remote sensing reflectance, R rs (λ), and solar zenith angle. The algorithm has been developed using the measured optical parameters from the coastal waters off Goa, India, and eastern Arabian Sea and the optical parameters derived using the radiative transfer code using these measured data. The algorithm was compared with two earlier reported empirical algorithms of Haltrin (1998Haltrin ( , 2000, and the performance of the algorithm was found to be better than these two empirical algorithms. The algorithm is based on single optical parameter; remote sensing reflectance, which can be easily measured in-situ, and is available from the ocean color satellite sensors; hence this algorithm will find applications in the ocean color remote sensing.

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Spectral dependence of the scattering coefficient in case 1 and case 2 waters

Cited by 131 publications

References 22 publications

Light scattering properties of marine particles in coastal and open ocean waters asrelated to the particle mass concentration

Light scattering properties of marine particles in coastal and open ocean waters asrelated to the particle mass concentration

Satellite Derived Water Quality Observations Are Related to River Discharge and Nitrogen Loads in Pensacola Bay, Florida

An empirical algorithm to estimate spectral average cosine of underwater light field from remote sensing data in coastal oceanic waters

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