We review the technique and research of the ultrahigh spatiotemporal resolved spectroscopy and its applications in the field of the ultrafast dynamics of mesoscopic systems and nanomaterials. Combining femtosecond time-resolved spectroscopy and scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM), we can obtain the spectra with ultrahigh temporal and spatial resolutions simultaneously. Some problems in doing so are discussed. Then we show the important applications of the ultrahigh spatiotemporal resolved spectroscopy with a few typical examples.ultrahigh spatiotemporal resolved spectroscopy, femtosecond near-field spectroscopy, scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM), femtosecond time-resolved, nanomaterial Space and time resolved measurements are very fundamental methods in scientific research. With the development of modern nanotechnology and laser techniques, people now can characterize and study many basic physical processes on nanometer spatial scale [1] and femtosecond or picosecond time scale [2] . Examples include the carrier dynamics in metals and semiconductors, vibrational motion of molecules, energy relaxation in semiconductors and so on. Achieving optical spectroscopic information with ultrahigh spatial and temporal resolutions is a very important research method in such areas. For the widely concerned mesoscopic systems and nanomaterials, because of their small characteristic dimensions, a thorough study on their ultrafast dynamics needs ultrahigh resolutions in both space and time to be obtained simultaneously. The same conclusion is reached if one considers the research of real-space transport, since a transportation electron moves over a distance on the order of nanometer in one femtosecond [3] . Here, the small space-scale and the small time-scale are tightly related with each other. All these require the ultrahigh space and time resolved measurements to be implemented simultaneously.Limited by the responding speed, the temporal resolution using electronics and optoelectronics can only reach the picosecond range. As ultrafast laser progresses, femtosecond time-resolved spectroscopy gets to a temporal resolution of femtosecond scale. It is widely used in the research