Spectral measurement of the caesium D2 line with a tunable heterodyne interferometer

Molella, Luca Spani; Rinkleff, R.-H.; Danzmann, K.

doi:10.1016/j.saa.2005.10.052

Cited by 14 publications

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“…Using six coils oriented in the three different spatial directions, the magnetic field in the interaction zone was suppressed below 0.6 T. After passing this region the light was separated by a Wollaston prism and detected by photodiodes ͑PD S ͒. The signal-to-noise ratio of the signals was improved by dividing the signals registered after the interaction zone with reference signals taken before the interaction zone (at PD R ) [11]. For measurements with the beams of counterrotating circular polarizations ͑ + − ͒ two quarter-wave plates were inserted: one just in front of the interaction area and the second directly behind it.…”

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Switching from “absorption within transparency” to “transparency within transparency” in an electromagnetically induced absorption dominated transition

et al. 2008

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The absorption of a resonant coupling laser driving a closed degenerate two-level system in an atomic cesium beam was investigated as a function of the detuning of a second laser probing the same transition. The measurements were performed for four different polarization combinations of the two laser beams. Except for the beams of counterrotating polarizations all coupling-laser absorption profiles showed "absorption within transparency," i.e., the absorption in the region around the two-photon resonance was smaller than the absorption corresponding to the one-photon transition induced by the coupling laser, and an extra absorption peak was observed on this curve at the two-photon resonance. With regard to the beams of counterrotating polarizations we observed a switch from absorption within transparency to "transparency within transparency" when the probe-laser power exceeded the constant coupling-laser power. In other words, the cesium ensemble became mostly transparent to the coupling-laser beam at the two-photon resonance.

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Switching from “absorption within transparency” to “transparency within transparency” in an electromagnetically induced absorption dominated transition

et al. 2008

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“…1. The details of this experimental arrangement have been described in a previous publication [14]. In short, all optical beams in the experiment -a coupling, a probe, and a reference laser beam -were generated by single mode diode lasers.…”

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confidence: 99%

Giant Kerr effect in closed degenerate two-level transitions

et al. 2007

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Extremely large optical Kerr non-linearities (n 2 ) and (n 4 ) were measured in two closed degenerate two-level transitions in the caesium D 2 line when a probe and a coupling laser simultaneously probed and coupled the hyperfine structure in an atomic beam. The magnitude of the measured non-linearities in both transitions were found to be a function of the coupling laser intensity and of the probe detuning from the two-photon resonance. In a figure of merit, the ratio between the non-unitarian part of the refractive index and the absorption coefficient measured in conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency showed a maximum value for a probe detuning of 160 kHz from the two-photon resonance and resulted in being 10 5 times larger than in the absence of the coupling laser field. The Kerr effect is a non-linear effect which couples the changes in the refractive index of a material to the intensity of an applied electric field. Kerr non-linearities correspond to the refractive part of the third order susceptibility in optical media and play a crucial role in non-linear optics for the generation of optical solitons, frequency conversion, polarisation phase gates, quantum logic, ... (see [1] and references therein). In recent years various schemes for generating large Kerr non-linearities were proposed and implemented: optical fibres fabricated with novel glass materials [2], microcavities at room temperature [3], thin films [4], and atomic coherence [5].In this publication, partly stimulated by the current research into gravitational-waves, we want to transfer the information acquired in studying the dispersion of closed two-level systems [6] and the associated giant Kerr effect to concepts which are closer to those used in the development of future gravitational wave detectors. It is expected that the coming generations of earth-based interferometers for the detection of gravitational waves will -at some point -be limited by quantum noise. The insertion of media exhibiting a non-negligible Kerr u Fax: +49 (0)511 762 2784, E-mail: Luca.Spani.Molella@aei.mpg.de effect under the action of the applied electric field in the interferometer cavities is one of the methods suggested to beat the standard quantum limit and thus to improve the performance of future detectors [7]. Furthermore, some of us have experimentally demonstrated that a transparent Kerr medium inside a cavity drastically changes the properties of the cavity [8].It has been demonstrated that in the proximity of a twophoton resonance responsible for electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA [9, 10]) or electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT [11,12]) within the caesium D 2 line, giant Kerr non-linearities can be measured [13]. These results have been obtained in a caesium cell, where the maximum linear absorption did not exceed 60%. However, a characterisation of the Kerr effect and of the corresponding medium absorption is needed to estimate the potential efficiency of such a non-linear medium inside a large interferometer. In...

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“…For this reason, assuming the degeneracy in the Zeeman structure of the hyperfine levels, we neglected it in the further analysis of the system. The setup can be considered as a simplified version of the three-beam heterodyne interferometer described in [4], which was actually used to perform the measurements. However, because the measurements presented here did not need the use of a third laser, we omitted it in the description of the experiment.…”

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confidence: 99%

Realisation of Transparency below the One-Photon Absorption Level for a Coupling Laser Driving a Lambda System under EIT Conditions

2007

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Spectral measurement of the caesium D2 line with a tunable heterodyne interferometer

Cited by 14 publications

References 14 publications

Switching from “absorption within transparency” to “transparency within transparency” in an electromagnetically induced absorption dominated transition

Switching from “absorption within transparency” to “transparency within transparency” in an electromagnetically induced absorption dominated transition

Giant Kerr effect in closed degenerate two-level transitions

Realisation of Transparency below the One-Photon Absorption Level for a Coupling Laser Driving a Lambda System under EIT Conditions

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