Spectral properties of natural and oil polluted Baltic seawater — results of measurements and modelling

Drozdowska, Violetta; Freda, Włodzimierz; Baszanowska, Emilia; Rudź, K.; Darecki, Mirosław; Heldt, J.; Toczek, Henryk

doi:10.1140/epjst/e2013-01992-x

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Analysis of 3D EEM fluorescence spectra of marine waters was based on identification of distinct fluorescence intensity peaks based on the interpretation proposed by Coble [11]. Fluorescence intensities of the 3D EEM spectral bands representing the main DOM components belonging to the A-like, M-like, C-like and T-like fractions were proposed and calculated for Baltic seawater by Kowalczuk and Drozdowska [19]- [21]. The spectral characteristic (energies) positions of excitation and emission wavelengths of the main components of marine DOM at the 3D spectrum are listed at first two columns of the Table 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrofluorometric characteristics of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in a surface microlayer in the Southern Baltic coastal waters

Drozdowska

Kowalczuk

Józefowicz

2015

J. Eur. Opt. Soc.-Rapid Publ.

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in a surface microlayer and a subsurface layer at a depth of 1 m along two transects from the river outlets to the open sea. The first transect was located from the Vistula River outlet to the Gdańsk Deep and the second transect was located from the Łeba River outlet to Słupsk Furrow. Results indicated that DOM fluorescence intensity in the SML is higher by 20% compared to the SS. The Humification Index, HIX values were lower in SML than SS by 13%. That indicates that SML is depleted in molecules with high molecular weight and higher aromaticy. The inverse relationship of fluorescence intensity of dominant peaks with salinity both in SML and SS suggests that FDOM variability is regulated mostly by terrestrial DOM input.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrofluorometric characteristics of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in a surface microlayer in the Southern Baltic coastal waters

Drozdowska

Kowalczuk

Józefowicz

2015

J. Eur. Opt. Soc.-Rapid Publ.

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“…The values of attenuation coefficient for 1 ppm of modelled Petrobaltic oil in this study range from 0.72 to 6.73 m −1 . The highest attenuation we obtained for the peak diameter of 0.3 μm and the attenuation effect is dominated by light scattering (Drozdowska et al 2013). Domination of small-sized oil droplets implies greater variability of attenuation spectrum, and the rate of change decreases with increasing peak droplet size.…”

Section: Spectra Of Dispersed Oil Iopsmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…PAR levels vary due to the natural attenuation by water and the presence of absorbing algal pigments, dissolved organic material and scattering by particles, both natural and human origin (Kelble et al 2005). Size distribution of oil droplets determines scattering properties of oil emulsion (Drozdowska et al 2013). In general, it is known that large particles tend to scatter more in forward directions, i.e.…”

Section: Light Conditions In Seawatermentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of dispersed Petrobaltic oil droplet size on photosynthetically active radiation in marine environment

Haule

Freda

2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Oil pollution in seawater, primarily visible on sea surface, becomes dispersed as an effect of wave mixing as well as chemical dispersant treatment, and forms spherical oil droplets. In this study, we examined the influence of oil droplet size of highly dispersed Petrobaltic crude on the underwater visible light flux and the inherent optical properties (IOPs) of seawater, including absorption, scattering, backscattering and attenuation coefficients. On the basis of measured data and Mie theory, we calculated the IOPs of dispersed Petrobaltic crude oil in constant concentration, but different log-normal size distributions. We also performed a radiative transfer analysis, in order to evaluate the influence on the downwelling irradiance Ed, remote sensing reflectance Rrs and diffuse reflectance R, using in situ data from the Baltic Sea. We found that during dispersion, there occurs a boundary size distribution characterized by a peak diameter d0 = 0.3 μm causing a maximum E d increase of 40% within 0.5-m depth, and the maximum Ed decrease of 100% at depths below 5 m. Moreover, we showed that the impact of size distribution on the "blue to green" ratios of Rrs and R varies from 24% increase to 27% decrease at the same crude oil concentration.

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“…Another fluorescence indices are the ratio (M+T)/(A+C) (Parlanti et al, 2000) and HIX index. The ratio (M+T)/(A+C) (Drozdowska et al, 2013) allows assessing a relative contribution of the organic matter recently produced,…”

Section: Cdom and Fdom Optical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on organic matter fractions in the surface micro layer in the Baltic Sea by spectrophotometric and spectrofluorometric methods

Drozdowska¹,

Wróbel²,

Markuszewski³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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The fluorescence and absorption measurements of the samples collected from a surface microlayer 10 (SML) and a subsurface layer (SS), a depth of 1 m were studied during three research cruises in the Baltic Sea along with hydrophysical studies and meteorological observations. Several absorption (E 2 :E 3 , S, S R ) and fluorescence (fluorescence intensities at peaks: A, C, M, T, the ratio (M+T)/(A+C), HIX) indices of colored and fluorescent organic matter (CDOM and FDOM) helped to describe the changes in molecular size and weight as well as in composition of organic matter. The investigation allow to assess a decrease in the 15 contribution of two terrestrial components (A and C) with increasing salinity (~1.64% and ~1.89 % in SML and ~0.78% and ~0.71 % in SS, respectively) and an increase of in-situ produced components (M and T) with salinity (~0.52% and ~2.83% in SML and ~0.98% and ~1.87% in SS, respectively). Hence, a component T reveals the biggest relative changes along the transect from the Vistula River outlet to Gdansk Deep, both in SML and SS, however an increase was higher in SML than in SS (~18.5% and ~12.3%, 20 respectively). The ratio E 2 :E 3 points to greater changes in a molecular weight of CDOM affected by a higher rate of photobleaching in SML. HIX index reflects a more advanced stage of humification and condensation processes in SS. Finally, the results reveal a higher rate of degradation processes occurring in SML than in SS. Thus, the specific physical properties of surface active organic molecules (surfactants) may modify, in a specific way, the solar light spectrum entering the sea and a penetration depth of the solar radiation. Research 25 on the influence of surfactants on the physical processes linked to the sea surface become an important task, especially in coastal waters and in vicinity of the river mouths. 1.30 measurably different from the underlying water due to the molecules forming SML, called surfactants (Soloviev and Lukas, 2006;Liss and Duce, 2005). Sea surface films are created by organic matter from sea and land sources: (i) dissolved and suspended products of marine plankton contained in seawater, (ii) terrestrial organic matter that enter seawater from a land (natural and synthetic) and (iii) oil products from leakages of the sea-bottom. Surface films dissipate due to loss of material at the sea surface, including 35 microbial degradation, chemical and photo chemical processes, as well as due to absorption and adsorption Ocean Sci. Discuss.,

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Spectral properties of natural and oil polluted Baltic seawater — results of measurements and modelling

Cited by 26 publications

References 30 publications

Spectrofluorometric characteristics of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in a surface microlayer in the Southern Baltic coastal waters

Spectrofluorometric characteristics of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in a surface microlayer in the Southern Baltic coastal waters

The effect of dispersed Petrobaltic oil droplet size on photosynthetically active radiation in marine environment

Study on organic matter fractions in the surface micro layer in the Baltic Sea by spectrophotometric and spectrofluorometric methods

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