Spectral reflection characteristics of spruce needles and leaves of trees in the zones with industrially polluted air

Lovchikova, L. P.; Nikonenko, S. V.; Plyuta, V. E.; Sergeichik, S. A.

doi:10.1007/bf02678864

Cited by 30 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Both rice husk and hemp have already found several applications (Watari et al 1999;Siriwardena et al 2002;O'Donnell et al 2004;Beckermann and Pickering 2008;Eichhorn et al 2010), but cellulose extraction and refining has not been considered. This is also the case with the coniferous needles: They have been studied from an environmental point of view as indicators for pollution (Lovchikova et al 1997;Sutinen and Kivimäenpää 2000;Yilmaz and Zengin 2004), or because of interest in the extractives present in them. However, there has been only small interest on cellulose and other structural components found in needles (McTiernan et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A physico-chemical characterisation of new raw materials for microcrystalline cellulose manufacturing

et al. 2011

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A detailed physico-chemical characterisation of potential new cellulose sources (rice husk, hemp stalk, and coniferous needles), and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) manufactured from them, was made in this work. The length and the width of the cellulose crystallites were determined by wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), crystallinities were studied by means of WAXS and solid state cross polarisation magic angle spinning 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and the packing and the crosssectional shape of the microfibrils were determined by small-angle X-ray scattering. When MCC was prepared from rice husks and hemp stalks an acceptable yield was obtained. Crystallinities obtained with solid state NMR spectroscopy and WAXS were highest for MCC prepared from hemp stalks, and lowest for rice husk MCC. The crystallite sizes of MCC samples studied in this work varied more than in those MCC samples which were prepared from conventional plant sources, and crystallite size and cellulose crystallinity were related. When taking into account rather high values of specific surface, hemp stalks and rice husks appear as a promising raw materials for MCC production.

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