Spectral-temporal dynamics of multipulse mode-locking

Yu, Ying; Li, Bowen; Wei, Xiaoming; Xu, Yiqing; Tsia, Kevin K.; Wong, Kenneth K. Y.

doi:10.1063/1.4983718

Cited by 50 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…With larger pump power, multiple pulses would be generated in a mode-locked laser. The birth and extinction dynamics would definitely be different [24,25,36]. The turn-on and turn-off times of the pump power could change the appearance of the build-up and shutting processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The TS-DFT technique was also employed to measure the build-up process of solitons [2,25,[30][31][32][33][34][35]. These works focus mainly on the starting dynamics of solitons [2,31], soliton molecules [25,33], and multi-pulse operation [36] in the mode-locked fiber laser under anomalous dispersion. The spectral build-up process of DS in the net-normal dispersion regime was reported in a recent work [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Revelation of the birth and extinction dynamics of solitons in SWNT-mode-locked fiber lasers

Cui

Liu

2019

Photon. Res.

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The dispersive Fourier transform (DFT) technique opens a fascinating pathway to explore ultrafast non-repetitive events and has been employed to study the build-up process of mode-locked lasers. However, the shutting process for the mode-locked fiber laser seems to be beyond the scope of researchers, and the starting dynamics under nearzero dispersion remains unclear. Here, the complete evolution dynamics (from birth to extinction) of the conventional soliton (CS), stretched pulse (SP), and dissipative soliton (DS) are investigated by using the DFT technique. CS, SP, and DS fiber lasers mode locked by single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are implemented via engineering the intracavity dispersion map. The relaxation oscillation can always be observed before the formation of stable pulse operation due to the inherent advantage of SWNT, but it exhibits distinct evolution dynamics in the starting and shutting processes. The shutting processes are dependent on the dispersion condition and turn-off time, which is against common sense. Some critical phenomena are also observed, including transient complex spectrum broadening and frequency-shift interaction of SPs and picosecond pulses. These results will further deepen understanding of the mode-locked fiber laser from a real-time point of view and are helpful for laser design and applications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revelation of the birth and extinction dynamics of solitons in SWNT-mode-locked fiber lasers

Cui

Liu

2019

Photon. Res.

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“…Figure 4b shows results from a modified DFT method used for real-time spectral interferometry characterization of soliton bound states [94]. Many other recent experiments have used the DFT technique to study evolving soliton dynamics and multipulse states [95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102], as well as intensity and coherence measurements in partial and coherent modelocking regimes [103]. A particular example of dissipative soliton formation in a polarization rotation mode-locked fibre laser [104] is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Transient Instabilities In Lasersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rogue waves and analogies in optics and oceanography

et al. 2019

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We review the study of rogue waves and related instabilities in optical and oceanic environments, with particular focus on recent experimental developments. In optics, we emphasize results arising from the use of real-time measurement techniques, whilst in oceanography we consider insights obtained from analysis of real-world ocean wave data and controlled experiments in wave tanks. Although significant progress in understanding rogue waves has been made based on an analogy between wave dynamics in optics and hydrodynamics, these comparisons have predominantly focused on one-dimensional nonlinear propagation scenarios. As a result, there remains significant debate about the dominant physical mechanisms driving the generation of ocean rogue waves in the complex environment of the open sea. Here, we review stateof-the-art of rogue wave studies in optics and hydrodynamics, aiming to clearly identify similarities and differences between the results obtained in the two fields. In hydrodynamics, we take care to review results that support both nonlinear and linear interpretations of ocean rogue wave formation, and in optics, we also summarise results from an emerging area of research applying the measurement techniques developed for the study of rogue waves to dissipative soliton systems. We conclude with a discussion of important future research directions. the underlying carrier wave is considered sinusoidal at frequency ω whereas in hydrodynamics, the NLSE envelope modulates the Stokes wave which (to second-order) contains contributions at both ω and the second harmonic 2ω [31]. In addition, even though the terminology "optical wave breaking" is used in an NLSE context to describe the steepening of an optical envelope from nonlinear focussing [32], optical carrier waves themselves do not "break" or plunge as they do in hydrodynamics [33,34]. There are also important differences concerning measurements. Specifically, experiments in optical fibres generally measure only the time-domain envelope intensity, and information about carrier oscillations is not recorded. In contrast, measurements in hydrodynamics directly record the individual carrier wave amplitudes (although envelope information can be reconstructed straightforwardly [35]). Particular care must therefore be taken when comparing statistics between optics and hydrodynamics, because statistics in fibre optics experiments are determined

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“…In a normal procedure, dissipative soliton states can be generated when the driving laser frequency or power is tuned in the Kerractive microresonator from blue detuning to red detuning, initiating spontaneous cavity modulation instability, followed by Turing pattern generation [22][23][24] , a transition into spatial-temporal chaos, and the eventual passage into the breather soliton, soliton molecules or crystals, and single soliton states. As previous studies of cavity dynamics in fiber optics could be boosted by real-time measurement technology [25][26][27] , the study of these abundant transition dynamics in a microcavity can benefit from a time magnifier system due to its ability to characterize non-repetitive and arbitrary waveforms in real time with sub-picosecond temporal resolution in a single shot 28,29 . Complementing the techniques of direct detection 30 and electro-optic comb scanning 31 , temporal magnification can help surpass the electronic limits when studying microresonator dynamics at very high repetition rates of several tens of GHz or more.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time transition dynamics and stability of chip-scale dispersion-managed frequency microcombs

Huang

et al. 2020

Light Sci Appl

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Femtosecond mode-locked laser frequency combs have served as the cornerstone in precision spectroscopy, alloptical atomic clocks, and measurements of ultrafast dynamics. Recently frequency microcombs based on nonlinear microresonators have been examined, exhibiting remarkable precision approaching that of laser frequency combs, on a solid-state chip-scale platform and from a fundamentally different physical origin. Despite recent successes, to date, the real-time dynamical origins and high-power stabilities of such frequency microcombs have not been fully addressed. Here, we unravel the transitional dynamics of frequency microcombs from chaotic background routes to femtosecond mode-locking in real time, enabled by our ultrafast temporal magnifier metrology and improved stability of dispersion-managed dissipative solitons. Through our dispersion-managed oscillator, we further report a stability zone that is more than an order-of-magnitude larger than its prior static homogeneous counterparts, providing a novel platform for understanding ultrafast dissipative dynamics and offering a new path towards high-power frequency microcombs.

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Spectral-temporal dynamics of multipulse mode-locking

Cited by 50 publications

References 43 publications

Revelation of the birth and extinction dynamics of solitons in SWNT-mode-locked fiber lasers

Revelation of the birth and extinction dynamics of solitons in SWNT-mode-locked fiber lasers

Rogue waves and analogies in optics and oceanography

Real-time transition dynamics and stability of chip-scale dispersion-managed frequency microcombs

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