Spectrally Resolved Transmission Loss in Gamma Irradiated Yb-Doped Optical Fibers

Philip, Fox, Brian; Schneider, Z.V.; Simmons-Potter, K.; Thomes, W. J.; Meister, D. C.; Bambha, Ray P.; Kliner, Dahv A. V.

doi:10.1109/jqe.2008.919873

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Fiber lasers can offer advantages such as high power, high efficiency, light weight, and ruggedness [1][2][3], which make them a suitable laser source for space exploration and laser communication [4,5]. Recently, people have paid more attention to laser sources near 2 μm based on Tm 3 ions because of their potential applications [6].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pump bleaching of Tm-doped fiber with 793 nm pump source

et al. 2015

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We demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, the strong recovery of the optical-optical slope efficiency of gamma-ray-irradiated Tm-doped fiber under 793 nm laser diode (LD) pumping. The fiber optical-optical slope efficiency, the fiber cladding absorption spectra, and the fluorescence spectra of the Tm-doped fiber before and after 500 Gy gamma-ray irradiation have been measured for comparison. It is found that the fiber optical-optical slope efficiency had significant degradation from 56.3% to 26.7% after irradiation and recovered to 40.8% after 15 h pump bleaching. Based on comparative analysis of fiber cladding absorption spectra among pristine fiber, irradiation, and bleaching, the reasons for the strong recovery have also been discussed.

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confidence: 99%

Pump bleaching of Tm-doped fiber with 793 nm pump source

et al. 2015

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“…8 nevertheless, from the literature data shown therein, an estimated result for the low RIA values indicates that the values of Yb/Al and Yb/P ratios suggested to be close to each other. Yet, some papers [10,15,26] studied the commercial Yb-doped fibers do not give any results about the composition of the compounds. For these reasons, more research can be conducted to investigate the Yb-doped fibers for having large RIA values that are considered to be having different composition and/or Yb/Al and Yb/P ratio.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For optical fibers such as Yb-doped fibers, the radiation sources are high-energy particles and gamma rays, giving an extreme degradation in the performance of optical transmission and amplification. This type of degradation is called radiation-induced defects or radiation-induced attenuation (RIA) [15][16][17][18] because the formation of the color centers directly affects the transmission properties of the optical fibers and hence, causes a decrease in their performance [19][20][21][22]. Furthermore, the performance loss leads to a reduction in the expected efficiency of the applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of gamma radiation on Yb-doped Al–P–silicate optical fibers

et al. 2022

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Ytterbium (Yb)-doped optical fibers are mainly used in the fiber laser resonator and amplifier systems. These systems have been widely utilized for applications in air and space, the defense industry, and the medical field. Particularly for the applications yielding operation in harsh environments consisting of radiation, it is essential to determine the radiation hardness of the Yb-doped optical fibers and their long-term performance in such environments. This study analyzed the optical properties of four different Yb-doped aluminophosphosilicate fibers before and after gamma irradiation. For each fiber, the effect of different total dose values including 0.5, 1, 10, and 50 kGy were determined at different operation wavelengths, such as 495 nm, 590 nm, 685 nm, and 730 nm, using radiation-induced attenuation (RIA) analysing curves. The total dose values of 10 kGy and 50 kGy were studied to demonstrate the results under extreme environmental conditions such as large hadron colliders (LHCs). Our findings reveal that the formation of radiation-induced color centers (e.g. AlOHC, POHC, and NBOHC) are highly dependent on the Yb-concentration, the amount of excess alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) compared to the phosphorous pentoxide (P 2 O 5 ), total irradiation dose and wavelength at which the respective RIA is recorded.

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“…1,2) On the other hand, pump-induced photodarkening (formation of color centers by pump laser) [3][4][5][6][7] easily occurs when Al-doped silica (AS) glasses are used as host glasses for high-power fiber lasers. Furthermore, radiation-induced photodarkening [8][9][10][11][12][13] is a serious problem in Al-doped silica fiber lasers/amplifiers when they are used in a space radiation environment. The dominant color center that causes photodarkening in AS glass is Aloxygen-hole-center (OHC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

²⁷Al MAS NMR, EXAFS and X-ray induced absorption studies in Al-doped and Yb–Al-doped silica glasses fabricated by MCVD

Okazaki¹,

Arakawa²,

Sekiya³

et al. 2020

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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27Al MAS NMR, EXAFS, and X-ray induced absorption measurements have been carried out in Al-doped silica (AS: 0.4 wt% ≤ Al ≤ 6.3 wt%) and Yb–Al-doped silica (YAS: 0.02 wt% ≤ Yb ≤ 0.8 wt%, Al = 0.4 wt%) glasses fabricated by MCVD. AS and YAS glasses are found to contain the normal 4-, 5-, and 6-fold coordinated Al sites (Al(4), Al(5), and Al(6)). Furthermore, AS and YAS glasses have significant Al(4) intensities of 27Al NMR spectra in the range of chemical shift value at ∼38 ppm and ∼92 ppm, respectively. In AS glasses, Al(6) is dominant in Al < 1.5 wt%, but Al(4) rapidly increases with increasing Al concentration and its relative proportion becomes larger than that of Al(6). This behavior is contrary to the results in melt-quenching glasses. The Rayleigh scattering increases with increasing Al in AS glasses, indicating an onset of subnanometer scale clustering of Al. The mechanism of a pair generation of Al-OHC and Al-E’ center in AS glasses is proposed to be bond breaking of unstable triclusters composed of Al(n), Si(4) and Al(4) connected by O(3) with strained bonds. In YAS glasses, Al(4) increases with increasing Yb3+ concentration from 0 to 0.02 wt%, but Al(4) is almost constant with further increasing Yb. Yb–O coordination number, deduced from EXAFS, is ∼7, and it is almost independent of Yb concentration. These results suggest that neutralization of Yb3+ can be done not only Al(4), but also Al(5) and Al(6). A pair generation of Al-OHC and Yb2+ is more likely generated than a pair generation of Al-OHC and Al-E’ center in YAS glasses. This is caused by the fact that Yb2+ and/or Al-OHC in YAS glasses have deeper trapping levels than Al-E’ and/or Al-OHC in AS glasses , which are confirmed by annealing measurements. A plausible precursors of Yb2+ and Al-OHC is a tricluster composed of Al(n), Si(4) and Yb(7) connected by O(3).

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Spectrally Resolved Transmission Loss in Gamma Irradiated Yb-Doped Optical Fibers

Cited by 23 publications

References 17 publications

Pump bleaching of Tm-doped fiber with 793 nm pump source

Pump bleaching of Tm-doped fiber with 793 nm pump source

Effects of gamma radiation on Yb-doped Al–P–silicate optical fibers

²⁷Al MAS NMR, EXAFS and X-ray induced absorption studies in Al-doped and Yb–Al-doped silica glasses fabricated by MCVD

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Spectrally Resolved Transmission Loss in Gamma Irradiated Yb-Doped Optical Fibers

Cited by 23 publications

References 17 publications

Pump bleaching of Tm-doped fiber with 793 nm pump source

Pump bleaching of Tm-doped fiber with 793 nm pump source

Effects of gamma radiation on Yb-doped Al–P–silicate optical fibers

27Al MAS NMR, EXAFS and X-ray induced absorption studies in Al-doped and Yb–Al-doped silica glasses fabricated by MCVD

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²⁷Al MAS NMR, EXAFS and X-ray induced absorption studies in Al-doped and Yb–Al-doped silica glasses fabricated by MCVD