“…ECDs are based on a combination of materials assembled in various configurations either in a transmittive or reflective mode and find applications in smart windows, rearview mirrors, and displays [4,5,6]. The list of electrochromic materials include inorganic systems (e.g., WO 3, V 2 O 5, NiO [7,8,9] and Prussian blue [10]) and organic ones (e.g., viologens, polyaniline, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)). Compared with inorganic electrochromic materials, organic electrochromic materials have advantages such as a broader color palette, higher coloration efficiency, and greater optical contrast [11,12,13,14,15,16].…”