The results of an extensive experimental program relating to theeffectiveness of gravel screens have been correlated. The factors considered insome detail include gravel size and condition of packing, sand size and sizedistribution, fluid velocity, fluid viscosity, and thickness and arrangement ofgravel screens. Good agreement between calculated values based upon probabilityconsiderations and experimental results relating to the influence of thethickness of the gravel screen was obtained. All of these factors are treatedin the correlation in order that their influence may be taken into account inascertaining the characteristics of an effective gravel screen for a particularset of conditions. The details of the experimental program are not given in thepresent paper but a description of generalized behavior and typicalexperimental results are recorded in graphic form.
Introduction
Gravel screens have been placed in water and oil wells for a number of yearswith the dual objective of increasing the productivity and decreasing theentrance of sand into the well bore. An understanding of the factorscontrolling the effectiveness of gravel screens in this connection is ofindustrial interest because it will lead to the proper selection of gravel.Some of the fundamental considerations involved in the migration of sandthrough a coarser body of porous materials were investigated by Coberly andWagner, and further experimental work has been carried out by Gumpertz.Apparently the pertinent phenomena are somewhat complex and are influenced bymany variables. The present paper deals with the prediction of the behavior ofgravel screens under the conditions encountered in practice but does notattempt to discuss the experimental methods or results that were obtained as abackground and upon which the prediction is based.
Influence of Gravel Screens Upon Productivity
The use of a gravel screen may increase the productivity of a well byincreasing its effective diameter, and this constitutes one of the objectivesof its use. The permeability of most gravels and coarse sands that are employedin practice is so large compared to that of the sand in place that relativelylittle loss in production rate will arise from the use of material fine enoughto cause the desired resistance to sand migration.
T.P. 1325