Spectrophone Measurement of the Water Vapor Continuum at DF Laser Frequencies

Damon, E.; Peterson, John C.; Mills, F S; Long, R. K.

doi:10.21236/ada016435

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…It was originally thought that water vapor absorption would be too small to measure accurately in the White cell at room temperature. However preliminary spectrophone measurements [28] indicated higher absorption on some lines than had bean expected. It was therefore decided that with a very carefully performed experiment it might be possible to measure the absorption directly using the White cell.…”

Section: E H2o Absorption Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 78%

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Absorption of Deuterium Fluoride Laser Radiation by the Atmosphere

Mills

1976

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SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGEflVhen Dmta En(er»dJ "n n CH^, 0.28 ppm N2O, temperature 296K, total pressure 760 torx). the total molecular absorption coefficients are between (3.18 x 10"^ km-^ andv3..,16_j^ lO-1 lan~Vcorresponding to a transmittance over a 10 Ian path of from 31 to 73 percent Assuming the mid-latitude summer model atmosphere, the water vapor^jtontinuum absorption coefficient for the eight lines is approximat«ly 0.02Oaa-,; The measured HDD absorption coefficients vary from 0.006 uan"! to 0.095 kmi for the linps studied and the N'-jO absorption coefficients vary from (002 lyn-"-'to " ■. The-CH, absorption coefficients were found to be on the order of '. The accuracy of the measured absorption coefficients is ICH _km-± ' a :r H 0^ sKe? ,£■-• fa* Measurements of H2O absorption at 24 U C with 14.3 torr lLO and 760 torr total pressure confirm the water continuum absorption coefficients obtained by extrapolating the high temperature measurements of Burch. The experimental results obtained in this study were compared with calculations made from the AFCRL line compilation. The theoretical background for making such calculations is thoroughly discussed, and listings ot two computer programs written to perform the calculations are presented. The calculated values for the NjO absorption coefficients agree very well with the experimentally measured absorption cofficients. For other gases the agreement between calculation and measurement is not as good, although in most cases the calculated absorption coefficients are of the same order of magnitude as the experimentally measured results.

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Section: E H2o Absorption Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…One of the purposes of these measurements then was to verify that the methane absorption was indeed small. The second purpose of these measurements was to provide calibration data for a spectrophone experiment //hich has been reported elsewhere [28].…”

Section: For Each Experimental Run the Absorption Was Measured On A mentioning

confidence: 99%

Absorption of Deuterium Fluoride Laser Radiation by the Atmosphere

Mills

1976

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“…Meanwhile, Damon's (1975) cognitive developmental stage model of fairness cognition describes the evolution of children's moral resource allocation. Starting at the age of 4, children in the early stages are self-centered, gradually leaning towards the principle of equality.…”

Section: Motivational Explanatory Models For Need-based Allocation De...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the early stages of moral development, children may primarily focus on societal rules, which can direct the motivation for need-based allocation towards compensatory tendencies. According to Damon's (1975) cognitive developmental model, as individuals mature, children learn to care about the needs of others, respect the rights of others, and gain a deeper understanding of the principle of fairness. These moral values play a role in need-based resource allocation because children may consider the needs of others more and tend to allocate resources to meet those needs.…”

Section: Compensatory-altruistic Dual Motivation Stage (Age 6-7)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Altruistic Tendency Stage (Ages 8 and above) Damon's (1975) cognitive development model suggests that children begin to consider individual factors of recipients in fair decision-making around the age of 8. Therefore, children at this stage are less likely to make resource allocation decisions in a stereotypical manner based on simple equality principles in specific situations (when recipients differ, such as having different needs) but rather out of altruistic considerations.…”

Section: Compensatory-altruistic Dual Motivation Stage (Age 6-7)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Why Do Children Allocate More to the Poor? Impact Factors and Motivation in Children's Need-Based Fair Decision-Making

Peng,

Li,

2024

Preprint

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Fairness plays a pivotal role in moral development, and need-based allocation, as a form of equitable resource distribution, entails allocating resources to individuals with greater need. Children’s need-based behavior is influenced by a variety of factors, including situational, personal, and social aspects. Currently, the motivational explanations for children’s need-based allocation are not fully understood. Here, we present an explanatory model for comprehending children’s motivation to allocate based on needs. We propose that children’s motivation to engage in need-based behavior is a dynamic process that unfolds in three stages: the balancing tendency stage (4-5 years old), the balancing-altruistic dual-motivation stage (6-7 years old), and the altruistic tendency stage (8 years old and above). In conclusion, we offer a perspective on future research directions aimed at gaining a deeper understanding of the developmental process underlying children’s fair decision-making.

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Spectrophone Measurement of the Water Vapor Continuum at DF Laser Frequencies

Abstract: Approved for public release; distribution unlimited 13. NUMBER OF PAGES ■ 3e 15. SECURITY CLASS, (ol Ihli tmpart) UNCLASSIFIED

Cited by 2 publications

References 1 publication

Absorption of Deuterium Fluoride Laser Radiation by the Atmosphere

Absorption of Deuterium Fluoride Laser Radiation by the Atmosphere

Why Do Children Allocate More to the Poor? Impact Factors and Motivation in Children's Need-Based Fair Decision-Making

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