Spectrophotometric and spectroscopic studies on charge transfer complexes of the antifungal drug clotrimazole

Abstract

Clotrimazole (CLZ) is an imidazole derivative that is therapeutically used as an antifungal drug. The routine control analysis of CLZ requires rapid, reliable, accurate and precise methods for the quantification of the drug in its pharmaceutical formulations. Spectrophotometric methods are presented for the determination of the antifungal agent that are based on the charge transfer complexation reaction of CLZ with the-acceptors tetracyanoethylene (TCE) and 7,7 ,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ). The formation of coloured complexes was quantitated at 396 nm and 842 nm for CLZ-TCE and CLZ-TCNQ, respectively, which enabled the development of simple and accurate spectrophotometric methods for the analysis of CLZ in pure drug substances and its pharmaceutical products. Under the optimum reaction conditions, linear relationships with appreciable correlation coefficients (0.9985-0.9994) were found between the absorbance at the relevant maxima and the concentrations of CLZ in the range of 5.00-35.00 g mL −1 for CLZ-TCE and 1.00-25.00 g mL −1 for CLZ-TCNQ. The molar absorptivities and Sandell's sensitivity values were also statistically evaluated. The proposed methods were successfully applied to analyze CLZ in topical creams and sterile solutions with mean recovery percentages in the range of 99.60-100.20%, which indicated no interference from the inactive ingredients. Furthermore, the charge transfer complexes of CLZ were also characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy.

Interactions of Clotrimazole with Certain d-Metal Compounds and with Organic Acids

“…This is confirmed by studying IR spectra of clotrimazole compounds. The authors of [26] point to the frequency shift and intensity change of the characteristic peak of the clotrimazole C=N binding from 1436 cm − to 1489 cm − and 1444 cm − in the IR spectra of its complexes, accompanied by the charge transfer with π-acceptors-tetracyanoethylene and 7,7 , 8,8 -tetracyanoquinodimethane. They associate these phenomena with the participation of the azole C=N group in the complex formation involving acceptors.…”

Eco-friendly ultraviolet spectrophotometric methods for the determination of clotrimazole and tinidazole in bulk and ointment dosage form

“…There are few methods available for estimation of these drugs individually by using hazardous solvents like 0.1 N HCl, 5 0.1 N NaOH, 6 and H2SO4 7 for CTZ and TDZ respectively. A, few methods were developed for these drugs in other combinations using UV, [8][9][10][11][12][13] HPLC, 14 HPTLC. 15 So, the present study aims to develop a new eco-friendly method for the first time, which covers all the green analytical principles and is further assessed by using four assessment tools to ensure the developed method's greenness.…”

Spectroscopic and Molecular Docking Analysis of π-Acceptor Complexes with the Drug Barbital

“…This interest is a result of the products' potential uses in a variety of industries and sectors, including biological and chemical ones. Computed program reactions have also been used to develop quick, dependable, efficient, and straightforward methods for the detection, identification, and quantification of medicines in the pure and psychoactive forms [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”