Spectrophotometric determination of aqueous cyanide using a revised phenolphthalin method

Cacace, David N.; Ashbaugh, Heidi; Kouri, Naomi; Bledsoe, Sara; Lancaster, Sean; Chalk, Stuart

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2007.02.004

Cited by 46 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Table 2 on the other hand shows the concentration of heavy metals. The cyanide ion concentration is indicated in the last column as below detection limit which is 5 ppb for the used revised phenolphthalin method (Cacace et al 2007). Using this method the recovery of the well water samples spiked with 0.05-2 lg/mL of cyanide was found to be in the range 95-105% indicating the absence of interference from ions present in these samples.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Groundwater samples bailed from monitoring wells adjacent to the mine were analyzed for CN using the revised phenolphthalin method (Cacace et al 2007). CN was found below detection limit in all samples and no violation of standards could be reported.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This complex is immediately converted into tetracyanocopper(I) complex in high pH medium (pH 10.8) with the concomitant production of cyanogen [(CN) 2 ]. Cyanogen then reacts instantaneously with phenolphthalin producing phenolphthalein which turns pink in basic media (Katagiri et al 1981;Cacace et al 2007). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Time sensitive parameters: pH, EC, TDS and temperature were measured instantaneously then the samples were carefully sealed, labeled and taken for CN and heavy metals analyses. The analysis of CN was carried out using the revised phenolphthalin method (Cacace et al 2007). A buffer solution was prepared by dissolving 9.53 g of sodium tetraborate decahydrate (BDH Chemicals) in 1.0 L Milli-Q water.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Cyanide from gold mining and its effect on groundwater in arid areas, Yanqul mine of Oman

Abdalla

Suliman

Al-Ajmi³

et al. 2009

Environ Earth Sci

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The use of cyanide (CN), which is characterized by volatility, toxicity and high odor, in gold mining is scarcely addressed in the literature and remain controversial. Environmentalists oppose CN usage as it potentially poses serious environmental threats, whereas economic and mining geologists are in favor of its usage for its extracting capacity and economic feasibility. The present study investigates the possible dispersion of CN into groundwater resources caused by a gold mine (ca. 15 years old) located in the arid area of Yanqul, North Oman. The gold is hosted in gossan deposits associated with ophiolitic rocks and sulfide deposits. Sodium cyanide is mixed with 0.5 m 3 of water and then added to a tonne of crushed ore rock to extract 6 g of gold mineral. The final residues are dumped in engineered, lined and uncovered tailing dams. Subsequent to rainfall water draining the mine plateau flows along the wadies and percolates into the shallow Quaternary alluvium aquifer. Hence, groundwater samples were collected from 16 piezometers adjacent to and around the mine. The samples were analyzed for CN using the revised phenolphthalin method and they all show CN concentration below the detection limit (5 ppb). The samples were also analyzed for heavy metals to investigate the potential of CN complexation. Most of heavy metals indicated very trace concentration. The absence of CN in groundwater is attributed to volatilization of CN (converted to HCN), lined dam structure, high evapotranspiration rate and deeper water table. This finding is consistent with the historical CN analysis in the groundwater and solid wastes. It can be pointed out that within few years of operation well engineered tailing dams can provide safe structure preventing CN-groundwater pollution in arid areas. Potential threats to the air and soil are not addressed in this article.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Cyanide from gold mining and its effect on groundwater in arid areas, Yanqul mine of Oman

Abdalla

Suliman

Al-Ajmi³

et al. 2009

Environ Earth Sci

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show abstract

“…Spectrophotometry has been widely employed in the determination of cyanide through the use of many types of dye [15][16][17][18][19]. Electrochemical methods using sensors have been routinely used for cyanide analysis [20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-sensitive determination of cyanide in surface water by gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry after derivatization with 2-(dimethylamino)ethanethiol

Kang

Shin

2014

Analytica Chimica Acta

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Spectrophotometric and Titrimetric Methods for Determination of Anions

2020

Environmental Analysis Laboratory Handbook

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Spectrophotometric determination of aqueous cyanide using a revised phenolphthalin method

Cited by 46 publications

References 26 publications

Cyanide from gold mining and its effect on groundwater in arid areas, Yanqul mine of Oman

Cyanide from gold mining and its effect on groundwater in arid areas, Yanqul mine of Oman

Ultra-sensitive determination of cyanide in surface water by gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry after derivatization with 2-(dimethylamino)ethanethiol

Spectrophotometric and Titrimetric Methods for Determination of Anions

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